7种沙旱生植物的种子萌发及幼苗生长过程比较

为了解北方常见植物种子萌发与幼苗生长特性,为植被建设提供参考,选择罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)、大叶白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、黄毛头(Kalidium cuspidatum)、红砂(Reaumuria soongca)、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)7种沙旱生植物,在恒温培养箱中进行种子萌发实验,在温室大棚进行容器育苗观测。结果表明,沙米发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,黄毛头较小,两者相差1.1倍。黄毛头发芽率最低,与罗布麻、沙米相比减少了10.93%和11.76%。盐爪爪幼苗干重和鲜重显著大于其余沙生植物。罗布麻和大叶白麻容器幼苗株高、冠幅、胚轴长、主根和侧根生长速率相对较大,黄毛头较小。大叶白麻苗高生长速率较白刺、罗布麻、红砂、盐爪爪和黄毛头分别增加了233.33%、53.84%、94.17%、104.18%和66.67%。沙米发芽过程较其他植物快,而大叶白麻的幼苗生长量最大,生长于流沙和盐渍环境的植物分别以快速发芽和加速生长适应严酷的环境。

Comparison of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of 7 Kinds of Psammophytes and Xerophytes

7 species of psammophytes and xerophytes, including Apocynum venetum, Poacynum hendersonii, Kalidium foliatum, Kalidium cuspidatum, Reaumuria soongca, Agriophyllum squarrosum and Nitraria tangutorum, were selected for the test of germination and seedling growth in the constant temperature incubator and greenhouse, so as to understand the characteristics of germination and seedling growth of common plants in north China. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of A. squarrosum were the highest, and those of the K. cuspidatum were relatively small, with a difference of 1.1 times. The germination rate of K. cuspidatum was the lowest, decreased by 10.93% and 11.76% compared with that of A. venetum and A. squarrosum. The dry and fresh weights of K. foliatum were significantly higher than those of other plants. The height of plant, crown width, hypocotyl length, taproot and lateral root growth rate were relatively large, and those of K. cuspidatum were relatively small. The growth rate of seedling height of P. hendersonii increased by 233.33%, 53.84%, 94.17%, 104.18% and 66.67%, respectively, compared with that of N. tangutorum, A. venetum, R. soongca, K. foliatum and K. cuspidatum. The germination process of A. squarrosum was faster than that of other plants, and the amount of seedling growth of P. hendersonii was the largest. The plants growing in moving-sand and saline environment adapted to the harsh environment by rapid germination and accelerated growth.