海口市羊山地区乡村聚落林地-湿地景观格局演变分析

【目的】城市化的快速发展对乡村聚落景观格局和空间分布有深远的影响,但目前对于海岛熔岩台地型的乡村聚落景观研究较少。【方法】应用ENVI遥感影像处理软件和ArcGIS空间分析工具,定量分析海口市羊山地区2008年与2018年乡村聚落规模和格局变化,并选取相关景观格局指数,探究湿地、林地等环境因素对乡村聚落分布的影响。【结果】1)随着时间的演进,羊山地区乡村聚落的形态、数量、规模、分布均发生了改变。2008—2018年乡村聚落斑块数量激增,斑块总面积和斑块密度增加,斑块间的邻近距离和平均斑块面积相对减少。2)对比斑块形状指数发现,整体区域内聚落斑块形状整体趋于规整,其中邻近湿地的聚落斑块更趋于带状、边界更为曲折。3)从空间分布看,2008年和2018年乡村聚落均呈现聚集的格局,且2018年聚集度略高于2008年。4)随着乡村聚落离湿地、林地的距离增加,斑块数量和面积均产生锐减。此外,耕地斑块与道路斑块对羊山地区乡村聚落斑块分布也产生了一定的影响。【结论】目前羊山地区乡村聚落发展现状分为两类:一类为区位优势明显,得到优先发展,但由于缺少科学规划,村落传统风貌和生态环境被破坏;另一类地区较偏远,发展缓慢,许多古村落、古建筑得不到良好的保护而且遗弃。需要政府把握乡村聚落变化发展规律,因地制宜进行新农村规划建设和人居环境治理,引导乡村聚落朝集约化、内涵式方向发展。本研究揭示了海口羊山地区乡村聚落动态变化规律和影响因素,可为城乡协调发展区的聚落景观布局优化、城乡土地空间规划提供一定的参考依据和技术支撑。

Evolution analysis of forest-wetland landscape patterns of rural settlements in the Yangshan area of Haikou city

【Objective】Rapid urbanization in China has elicited a change in the pattern of settlement landscape.However,there are few studies on island lava platform-type rural settlements landscape at present.【Method】This paper applied the tools of ENVI and ArcGIS,made the quantitative analysis through comparing the scale and pattern changes of rural settlements in Yangshan area of Haikou city in 2008 and 2018,and through selecting and referring to relevant landscape pattern metrics,it explored the influences of environmental factors such as wetlands and woodlands distribution on rural settlements.【Result】1)As time going,the form,quantity,scale and distribution of rural settlements in Yangshan area all have changed.From 2008 to 2018,the quantity of rural settlement patches increases sharply,the total patch area and patch density increase,and the distance between patches and the average patch area decrease;2)By comparing the index of patch shape,it is found that the shape of the patch in the whole region tends to be regular,and the patch near to the wetland tends to be banded with more tortuous boundaries;3)From the perspective of spatial distribution,the rural settlements in 2008 and 2018 both show the pattern of aggregation,and the degree of aggregation in 2018 is slightly higher than that in 2008;4)As the distance between rural settlements and wetlands and forest increasing,the quantity and area of patches decrease sharply.Meanwhile,the patches of cultivated land and roads also have a certain impact on the distribution of rural settlement patches in Yangshan area.For regions aiming to achieve the harmonious development of urban and rural.【Conclusion】At present,the development status of rural settlements in Yangshan area can be divided into two categories:one is that the advantages of location are obvious,priority is given to development,the traditional features and ecological environment of villages are destroyed;the other is remote,slow development and abandoned by villagers.It is necessary for the government to grasp the changing law of rural settlements and take measures according to local conditions to build a new countryside and improve the human settlements environment.This research analysis can be considered as a reference and technical support for the optimization of settlement landscape layout and the intensive development of urban and rural areas.