蒸渗仪在农业科研上的应用现状及发展趋势

蒸渗仪对研究农田水分循环具有重要意义,为了厘清蒸渗仪的应用现状和发展趋势,更好地应用其进行农业科学研究。笔者通过系统梳理中国近二十年来蒸渗仪的发展情况,总结了蒸渗仪的测量原理及分类,大型称重式蒸渗仪和微型蒸渗仪等制造工艺的发展,以及蒸渗仪在作物蒸发蒸腾量、地下水浅埋区地下水利用、干旱半干旱区凝结水等方面的实际应用。认为未来蒸渗仪应面向网络信息化发展需求,以实现网络终端调控、在线交流和网络信息共享等目标;应综合考虑观测任务及长期应用等,结合其他仪器以站（群）方式发展,同时考虑环境效应;应参考研究区土壤状况、水文气象等统一制定微型蒸渗仪区域参考标准,而非大范围行业规范;应重视地下水-土壤-作物-大气连续体各界面水分运移机理与应用研究;应考虑其在学科、行业等基础研究中的支撑作用,研究对象应更加广泛。

Lysimeter in Agricultural Scientific Research: Application Status and Development Trend

The lysimeter has a great significance to the study of farmland water circulation. The objective of the study is to clarify the application status and the developmental trend of lysimeter, and better apply it to agricultural science research. The authors systematically review the development of lysimeter in China in recent 20 years, and summarize the measuring principle and classification of lysimeter, the development of manufacturing technology of the large-scale weighing lysimeter and micro-lysimeter, and the application of lysimeter in studying the evapotranspiration of crops, groundwater utilization in shallow groundwater areas, condensate water in arid and semi-arid areas, etc. It is considered that the lysimeter should be oriented to the needs of network information development, to achieve network terminal control, online communication and network information sharing and other targets; the observation task and long-term application should be considered comprehensively, and the station (group) development should be combined with other instruments, and the environmental effect should be considered in the meantime; the regional reference standards of micro-lysimeter should be formulated by referring to the soil conditions, hydrology and meteorology of the research area, rather than the large-scale industrial norms; great importance should be attached to exploring the mechanism and application of water transport in all interfaces of the groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; and the supporting role of lysimeter should be considered in basic research of disciplines and industries, to expand the scope of research objects.