川西龙门山5种典型林型的中小型干生土壤动物群落特征

【目的】为了解和比较川西龙门山脉5种典型林型下的夏季中小型土壤动物群落特征,为生态恢复及生态效益评估提供参考。【方法】于2017年7月,用Tullgren干漏斗法对川西龙门山的同年龄段的杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林、柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei林、人工混交林、人天混林、天然次生林5种林型的土壤动物进行调查。【结果】这5类林分的中小型干生土壤动物以蜱螨类和弹尾类为主,共占捕获总量的81.31%;人天混林的土壤动物密度显著高于其它林分(P <0.05),其土壤环境具有一定优越性,这对林业近自然经营可能具有参考意义。除在人工混交林的土层中呈显著逆分布(P <0.05)外,其余林分中的中小型干生土壤动物表聚性均极显著(P <0.01),但深层土中逆分布也并不罕见,其具体影响机制还需深入研究。天然次生林的土壤动物优势度指数(0.19)最高,其中小型土壤动物个体更集中于优势种群,群落稳定性较高。杉木林丰富度指数(5.2)较明显高于其它4种林分,其个体在种群中的分布较均匀,各林分的多样性指数和均匀度指数无较大差异;杉木林与其它林分的土壤动物群落相似性均较低(0.35~0.41),柳杉林与人天混林间的群落相似性达极相似(0.77),柳杉根系、根系分泌物及凋落物等相对杉木可能对土壤动物类群建成有更大影响。【结论】土壤动物群落特征与林型密切相关。

Characteristics of small and medium-sized soil fauna community in different forest types in Longmen mountain of western Sichuan

【Objective】In order to understand the characteristics of small and medium-sized dry soil fauna community in five different forest types in the Longmen mountain,west Sichuan,and to provide reference for ecological restoration and ecological benefit assessment.【Method】In July 2017,Tullgren dry funnel method was used to investigate the soil animals in the five typical forest stands.【Result】In these stands,acarina and collembola were the main types of small and medium-sized soil animals,which accounted for 81.31%of the total number of soil animals.The density of soil fauna in artificial and natural mixed forest was significantly higher than that in other stands(P<0.05);The soil environment has a clear advantage,which may has some reference value to close-to-nature forestry management.The surface aggregation of small and medium-sized soil animals was significant(P<0.01),However,there was a significant reverse distribution in the artificial mixed forest(P<0.05),The inverse distribution in the deep soil is not uncommon,needs to be further studied.The soil animal dominance index of natural secondary forest(0.19)had the highest value among those five types of forest,soil animals are more concentrated in the dominant population and the community stability is higher.The richness index of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest(5.2)was significantly higher than that of the other four stands.Individuals are more evenly distributed in the population.There was no significant difference of Shannon-Weiner index and Pielou index among those five forest stands.The similarity of soil fauna community between Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and other stands (0.35-0.41) was low, and Cryptomeriafortunei forest and artificial and natural mixed forest was very similar (0.77), Cryptomeria fortunei may have a greater impact on theformation of soil fauna.【Conclusion】Characteristics of soil fauna community were closely related to forest stand types.