不同施肥处理对龙安柚果实产量和品质的影响

测定12年生龙安柚果实产量、单果重、果实色泽、果实硬度和内在品质等,进行果实色泽与内在品质间的相关性分析,探讨施肥处理对龙安柚产量和品质的影响,以期为在龙安柚生产栽培中施肥管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）2017年,T1、T2和T3单株产量分别比2016年增加了60.10%、19.11%、46.17%,而T4比2016年降低了30.38%。T2单株产量2年均最高（95.40、113.63 kg/株）。说明施肥处理对单株产量有显著影响,其中T2效果显著。（2）施肥处理对果皮色泽的影响不显著,但显著影响了果肉色泽。各施肥处理的果肉颜色为橙红色,其中T2的颜色较其他深,而CK的果肉颜色为黄绿色。（3）施肥显著影响了龙安柚果实的果皮、囊瓣、果肉硬度,其中T2上、下层果实硬度均较大。（4）内在品质转化糖、总糖、糖酸比、Vc含量均是T2上层果实中最高,T3中可溶性固形物(13.07%、13.07%)、固酸比是最高的,且两者中可滴定酸含量较低,说明T2、T3有利于改善果实内在品质。（5）根据果实色泽与果实品质相关性分析发现,果实色泽各指标均与果肉糖含量关系密切,说明果肉糖含量可能影响了果实色泽。

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Fruit Yield and Quality of Citrus grandis var. longanyou

12-year-old Longanyou was used in this experiment as the material, the effects of different fertilization treatments on fruit yield and quality and the correlation between fruit color and luster and inherent quality were analyzed by measuring fruit yield, single fruit weight, fruit color and luster, fruit firmness and inherent quality. The results showed that (1) in 2017, the per plant yield of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 60.10%, 19.11% and 46.17%, respectively, compared with that of 2016, while the per plant yield of T4 decreased by 30.38%, and T2 had the highest per plant yield in both 2016 and 2017 (95.40 kg/plant and 113.63 kg/plant), indicating that fertilization had obvious effect on per plant yield; (2) the effect of fertilization on the color luster of pericarp was not significant, but the color of pulp was significantly affected, the pulp color of each fertilization treatment was orange red, and the color of T2 was darker than that of other treatments, while the color of CK was yellowish green; (3) fertilization significantly affected the pericarp, cysts and flesh firmness of Longanyou, especially on the fruit firmness of upper and lower layers of T2; (4) the content of invert sugar, total sugar, sugar acid ratio and vitamin C all reached the highest in the upper layer fruits of T2, the total soluble solids (13.07% and 13.07%) and solid acid ratio of T3 were the highest, and the content of titratable acidity in both T2 and T3 was relatively low, showing that T2 and T3 were beneficial to improve the inherent quality of fruit; (5) according to the analysis of the correlation between fruit color and fruit quality, it was found that each index of fruit color was closely related with the content of fructose. In conclusion, the amount of sugar may affect the fruit color of Longanyou.