香水莲花花粉的采集、干燥和贮藏特性研究

【目的】研究香水莲花Nymphaea hybrid花粉活力和贮藏特性,以期为香水莲花有性繁殖和杂交育种的生产实践提供理论基础和技术指导。【方法】以黄、粉、紫3种不同花色的香水莲花品系为试材,采用花粉离体萌发培养基法测定不同开花天数(开花1、2、3、4、5 d)的香水莲花花粉活力、同一天不同时间段的香水莲花花粉活力、3个不同品系的香水莲花花粉活力、不同干燥方法(室内通风自然干燥、烘箱干燥和硅胶干燥)的香水莲花花粉活力及不同贮藏条件(室温、4、-20、-80℃)下贮藏不同时间(5、10、30、50、70、90、120、180 d)的香水莲花花粉活力。【结果】1)3种花色香水莲花的花粉活力均随开花时间呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,开花2 d的花粉活力最高;2)在一天7:30-17:30中,9:30-11:30的花粉活力较强;3)3个香水莲花品系间花粉活力存在差异,其中‘黄花型’香水莲花的花粉活力(60.61%)最高,‘紫花型’香水莲花的花粉活力(48.15%)最低;4)硅胶干燥法是香水莲花花粉干燥的最佳方式;5)4℃适于香水莲花花粉的短期贮藏,-20℃和-80℃适于香水莲花花粉的长期贮藏。【结论】在香水莲花开花2 d的9:30-11:30采集花粉,采用硅胶干燥法干燥后短期贮藏于4℃,长期贮藏于-20℃或-80℃条件下,可有效延长香水莲花花粉的寿命。

Research on collection,dryness and storage characteristics of Nymphaea hybrid pollen

【Objective】Research about the pollen viability and storage characteristics of Nymphaea hybrid was conducted to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for it’s production practice of sexual reproduction and hybrid breeding.【Method】The pollens of yellow, purple and pink N.hybrid were used as the experimental materials. Pollen germination in vitro medium method was used to determine the pollen viability of N.hybrid in different blooming days(flowering 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d), different time periods of the same day, different strains, different drying methods(dryness in the indoor shade, oven drying and silica gel drying) and different storage conditions(room temperature, 4 ℃,-20 ℃,-80 ℃) in different periods of time(5, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 120, 180 d). 【Result】1) The pollen germination rate of yellow, purple and pink N.hybrid increased first and then decreased with blooming time, the highest pollen viability was observed on the 2nd day after flowering;2) From 7:30 to 17:30 during the daytime, the pollen viability from 9:30 to 11:30 was stronger;3) There was a difference in pollen vitality between the three strains of N. hybrid. Among them, the pollen vitality of yellow N. hybrid was the highest(60.61%), and the purple N. Hybrid(48.15%) was the lowest;4) The silica gel drying method was the best way to dry the N.hybrid;5) 4 ℃ is suitable for short-term storage of N.hybrid pollen;-20 ℃ and-80 ℃ are suitable for long-term storage of N. hybrid pollen.【Conclusion】Pollen of N. hybrid can be collected from 9:30 to 11:30 on the 2nd day after flowering, then dried by silica gel drying, stored at 4 ℃ for a short period of time, and stored at-20 ℃ or-80 ℃ for a long time, so as to effectively prolong the longevity of N. hybrid pollen.