基于微卫星标记的中华鳖淮河品系遗传多样性分析

为了解中华鳖淮河品系的遗传多样性和遗传结构。本研究利用25个微卫星DNA标记分别对淮河品系中华鳖（淮河鳖）、黄河品系中华鳖（黄河鳖）和日本品系中华鳖（日本鳖）3个品系的遗传结构和系统进化进行分析。淮河鳖、黄河鳖和日本鳖的平均等位基因数(N_A)分别为5.08、5.44和6.20,平均有效等位基因数(N_E)分别为2.696、2.733和3.221,淮河鳖期望杂合度(H_E)为0.572高于黄河鳖(0.556),低于日本鳖(0.603),日本鳖遗传多样性最高,淮河鳖次之,黄河鳖最为贫乏。25个微卫星位点多态性均较高,淮河鳖、黄河鳖、日本鳖平均PIC为0.513、0.498和0.558,淮河鳖和日本鳖均属高度多态(PIC>0.5),黄河鳖为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5)。遗传分化指数(F_ST)分析显示,淮河鳖与黄河鳖之间属于中度分化(0.05 <F_ST< 0.15),淮河鳖与日本鳖、黄河鳖与日本鳖之间均属于高度分化(0.15<F_ST<0.25)。淮河鳖与黄河鳖遗传距离较近,与日本鳖遗传距离较远。表明目前中华鳖淮河品系有较高遗传多样性水平,遗传潜力较好。

Genetic Diversity of Huaihe Strain of Pelodiscus sinensis Based on Microsatellite Markers

To investigate the genetic background of Huaihe strain of Pelodiscus sinensis, 25 microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Huaihe (H), Yellow River (Y) and Japanese (R) strain of Pelodiscus sinensis, respectively. The results showed that the average allele number (N_A) of the H, Y and R Pelodiscus sinensis strain was 5.08, 5.44 and 6.20, respectively. The average effective allele number (N_E) was 2.696, 2.733 and 3.221, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (H_E) of the H strain was 0.572, which was higher than that of the Y strain (0.556) and lower than that of the R strain (0.603). The genetic diversity of the R strain was the most abundant, followed by that of the H strain, and the genetic diversity of Y strain was the lowest. All the 25 microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism, and the average PIC of the H, Y and R strain was 0.513, 0.498 and 0.558, respectively. Both the H and R strain were highly polymorphic (PIC>0.5), and the Y strain was moderately polymorphic (0.25 <PIC<0.5). The genetic differentiation index (F_ST) indicated that the H and Y strain were moderately differentiated (0.05<F_ST<0.15), the H and R, Y and R strain were highly differentiated (0.15<F_ST<0.25). The genetic relationship between the H and the Y strain was closer than that between the H and the R strain. The study indicates that the Huaihe strain of Pelodiscus sinensis has higher genetic diversity and better genetic potential.