内蒙古桦木沟林场不同地貌野生花卉资源分布

内蒙古桦木沟林场地形地貌类型广泛,野花资源丰富,尚未得到有效开发。为了解野生花卉资源习性和生物学特征,开发利用野花资源,在路径调查的基础上,采用典型样地调查法,调查分析了其野花资源分布。共调查野花资源177种,隶属于40科129属,菊科、豆科、毛茛科等种类和种群数量较丰富。不同地貌Margalef丰富度指数1.35~8.28,Shannon-Wiener指数变异范围1.42~2.59,Simpson指数为0.59~0.96,湿地草甸、疏林草地物种多样性丰富,沙地多样性最低。湿度、光照等是影响野花多样性分布的重要因素。林场分布着丰富而有较大开发价值的喜光、耐荫、耐涝、喜湿、耐旱等不同生态型野生花卉。部分野生花卉资源濒危,亟需保护。

Distribution of Wild Herbaceous Flower Resources in Different Landform of Huamugou Forest,Inner Mongolia

Huamugou forest of Inner Mongolia locates at Keshiketeng Banner of Chifeng City with extensive landform distribution, and the wild flower resources are very abundant there. Unfortunately, the resources have not been well exploited and utilized. To better understand the characters and the distribution of wild herbaceous flower resources, protect local eco-environment and develop flower industry, typical sampling method was used to study wild herbaceous flower resources based on a path survey. Totally, 177 species are found, belonging to 40 families and 129 genera, and Compositae, Leguminosae and Ranunculaceae are the most abundant species there. Among different landform, Margalef value varies from 1.35 to 8.28, Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index ranges from 1.42 to 2.59, and Simpson’s diversity index is from 0.59 to 0.96. The results indicate that species diversity in wetland meadow, scarce forest and grassland and wetland are the most abundant, and that in tibba is the lowest. Humidity and light are the most important factors that influence species diversity. Wild flower resources with different characteristics, e.g. photophilous, shade tolerance, waterlogging resistance, hygrophilous and drought tolerance, are widely distributed in the area with highly potential development prospect. Additionally, some wild flowers are in imminent danger and need be protected immediately.