稻茬小麦不同光效型群体的光合物质生产积累及转运差异分析

为给苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建和栽培措施调控提供理论依据,以‘扬麦23’为材料,结合聚类分析的方法,研究了不同光效型群体光合物质生产、积累和转运特征的差异。结果表明,不同小麦群体间产量、收获指数、光合势、花后干物质积累量和开花期高效叶面积率具有明显差异。高光效群体具有较高的产量、光合势、开花期高效叶面积率和干物质积累量;中等光效群体的收获指数显著低于高光效群体和低光效群体。在产量构成上,高光效群体具有较高的穗数和千粒重,同时,高光效群体及其剑叶在开花期的光合特性表现良好。在本试验播后及冬季多雨条件下,密度为225×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量为270 kg/hm²且氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0以及密度为300×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量为330 kg/hm²,氮肥运筹为5:1:2:2可作为产量达到8400 kg/hm²的苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建的密肥组合方式。

Photosynthetic Material Production,Accumulation and Transport Characteristics of Different Photosynthetic Efficiency Wheat Population in Rice-Wheat Rotation

To construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu, a field experiment was carried out taking wheat variety ‘Yangmai23’ as material to investigate photosynthetic material production, accumulation and transport characteristics of different photosynthetic efficiency wheat populations with cluster analysis. The results showed that: the yield, harvest index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage had significant differences among different wheat populations. Compared with the low and medium photosynthetic efficiency population, high photosynthetic efficiency population had higher yield and photosynthetic potential, and high efficiency leaf area ratio at flowering stage and dry matter accumulation. The harvest index of the medium photosynthetic efficiency population was significantly lower than that of the high and the low photosynthetic efficiency population. For yield components, wheat population with high photosynthetic efficiency had higher panicle number and thousand grain weight, meanwhile, the photosynthetic characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency population and its flag leaves had good performance at flowering stage. After sowing and in rainy winter, the suitable combinations of Yangmai23 to construct high photosynthetic efficiency wheat population after rice in central Jiangsu were 225×10⁴ plants/hm², 270 kg N/hm², the proportion of 7:1:2:0 (basal: tillering: jointing: booting fertilizer) and 300×10⁴ plants/hm², 330 kg N/hm², the proportion of 5:1:2:2. The yield of these two combinations could reach 8400 kg/hm².