全球玉米分子育种专利态势分析

揭示全球玉米分子育种技术发展态势,旨在为国内玉米分子育种领域相关从业人员在科研或产业化方面提供参考。利用文献计量法,结合专家咨询和调研分析,针对全球玉米分子育种的专利年代趋势、技术生命周期、主要来源和受理国家/地区、主要专利权人、技术主题分布进行分析。为阐释典型机构的技术发展历程,依据专利间的相互引证关系,绘制该领域重要专利权人——杜邦公司的技术路线图。最后利用Emergency Indicator算法对专利标题和摘要中的主题词进行创新性得分计算,预测该领域的新兴技术。结果表明,全球玉米分子育种正处于稳步发展阶段,美国是该领域主要的技术来源国家,同时也是主要的技术流向市场,中国专利数量排名第二,但专利质量和海外布局意识有待提高;大型跨国企业是创新技术的主要来源机构,技术体系完善;转基因技术是目前应用最多的育种技术,加倍单倍体、分子标记辅助选择、单倍体诱导等技术为该领域的新兴技术,值得关注。中国应加大对玉米分子育种的扶持力度,捕捉技术空白点提升专利质量和技术竞争力,同时积极推进专利技术在国际市场的布局。

The Patent Development Trend in Global Maize Molecular Breeding

The paper aims to reveal the development trend of global maize molecular breeding and provide references to related practitioners in China in terms of scientific research or industrialization. The annual number of patents, life cycle of patent technology, major priority and publication country/region, major patentees, technology terms distribution in global maize molecular breeding were analyzed by using methods of bibliometric analysis, experts consultation and investigation research. To clarify typical enterprise’s technical history, the patent technology roadmap of Dupont was drawn based on the relationship among patent citations. The terms of patent titles and abstracts were calculated by emergency indicator calculation to explore emerging technology. The results show that the global maize molecular breeding is in a steady development stage. The largest number of important maize molecular breeding technologies comes from the United States, which is also the most valued technology market. The number of Chinese patents ranks the second in the world, but the patent quality and the awareness of technology layout overseas need to be improved. Multinational enterprises with complete technological system are the main force for technological innovation. Transgenic technology is the most widely used breeding technology at present. There are some emerging technologies in this field that deserve attention, such as doubled haploid, molecular marker-assisted selection, haploid induction, etc. It is suggested that China should further support maize molecular breeding and capture technology gaps sensitively to enhancing patent quality and technological competitiveness. At the same time, technical layout in the international market should be actively promoted.