黄淮海平原农田土壤磷素空间分布特征及影响因素研究

根据505个样点表层(0～20 cm)土壤磷素的化验数据,在ArcGIS9.0平台上运用地统计学方法研究了黄淮海平原土壤磷素的空间分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明,该区土壤全磷和速效磷含量均属中等水平,全磷含量达(0.73±0.18)g·kg-1,速效磷含量达(21.31±16.08)mg·L-1.土壤全磷空间分布总体上呈团状或块状,其中高值区(＞0.80 g·kg-1)主要分布于河北中南部、山东西部以及山东、安徽、江苏三省交汇处,并由黄淮海中部地区向南北方向逐渐减少;低值区(＜0.50 g·kg-1)主要分布于黄淮海南北两地.土壤速效磷含量总体上呈小团块状分布,其空间分布较全磷复杂.高值区(＞24.0 mg·L-1)主要分布在黄淮海平原的中部地区,并向东北和正南方向减少.低值区(＜12.0 mg·L-1)主要分布于黄淮海平原南、北部边缘.全磷和速效磷高值区主要分布区地理位置大体一致,均是在黄淮海平原中部区域一带,并以此区域向北降低.不同土壤类型由于成土母质本身含磷量空间分布差异,产生了土壤磷素空间变异.土壤质地、磷肥使用量及部分理化性状影响土壤磷素含量.

Spatial distribution characteristic and its influential factors of soil phosphorus in region of the Huang-Huai-Hai plain

Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil phosphorus content by the software ArcGIS9.0. Using stratified sampling method, 505 sample points in top soil were selected. The results showed that the average content of soil total phosphorus (STP) and soil available phosphorus (SAP) were (0. 73 ±0. 18) g · kg~(-1) and (21. 31 ± 16.08) mg · L~(-1), respectively. The spatial distribution of STP mainly appeared as droplets. The highest value region ( > 0. 80 g · kg~(-1)) mainly existed in the middle of Hebei, the west of Shandong and the relationships converge of Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu. From the middle of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, reduced towards the north and the south. The lowest value region ( <0. 50 g · kg~(-1)) mainly existed in along the north and the south narrow area. The spatial distribution of SAP on the whole appeared as small droplets. The highest value region (>24.0mg·L~(-1)) mainly existed middle of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, and declined towards the northeast and south. The lowest value region ( < 12.0 mg · L~(-1)) mainly lay to the north and south verge of the area. The highest value region of STP and SAP mainly existed middle of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, distribution was almost consistent , reduced towards the north and the south. By soil parent material, difference soil type has produced difference content of phosphorus. The soil texture , the using amounts of phosphorus and part chemistry properties affected the soil phosphorus contents.