烤烟气候性斑点病与植株和土壤的营养关系

摘 要:本文针对在玉溪市烤烟生产上常发生的烤烟气候性斑点病问题，从发生原因的内部因素（烟株营养）方面，采用田间调查、采集配对样品与室内检测分析相结合的方法，并以根际土壤及植株各部位叶片等为探索对象，从病害在田间分布及叶片养分变化等方面开展了研究。结果表明，在烤烟初花期气候性斑点病发生叶位以第4－7叶位（由下至上）的叶片发生较多（占83.5%）。发生气候性斑点病的烟株，内因是由于植株N、Ca、Mg含量过高，而K含量不足，从而提高了 N/K、Mg/K及Ca/K比值，导致N、K、Ca、Mg营养不平衡，其根本原因是由于土壤有效N（特别是速效的NO3－N与NH4－N）及交换性Ca、Mg含量过高，有效K含量过低所致。关键词：烤烟；气候性斑点病；土壤养分；烟叶营养

Relationship of Climatic Scab and Nutrition of Flue-cured Tobacco and Soil

Abstract: This article in view of the tobacco climate scab question which often occurs in Yuxi tobacco production. According to the internal factor (Nutrition of Tobacco), take the rhizosphere soil and the leaves of all part position of plant as the exploration object, the distribution of disease in the field and the change of leaf nutrient has been researched by the method which combined field investigation, gathering pair samples and detection and analyse indoor. The result showed that climate scab mostly (83.5%) occurred on between 4th to 7th leaf (From down to up) during the earliest of anthesis. The internal factor is that it contented overmuch Nitrogen, Calcium and Magnesium but lack Potassium in the plants of tobacco which climate scab occurred on. Thus the rates of N/K, Mg/K and Ca/K were increased that result in unbalancing of between Nitrogen, Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium. Also, the basic reason what with overtop content effective Nitrogen (especially NO3－N and NH4－N ) and interchanging Magnesium and Potassium and lower content effective Potassium in the soil. Key word: flue-cured tobacco; climate scab; nutrition of soil; nutrition of tobacco