牦牛、犏牛及黄牛肉脂肪酸和风味物质的分析

随机选取青海省果洛州同一放牧群体的1.5岁牦牛（♂）和犏牛（♂）各3头,与青海省湟中县1.5岁的3头黄牛（♂）做比较研究,利用气质联用仪对牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析,利用高效液相色谱法对其肉中的肌苷、肌苷酸和硫胺素进行测定,采用高氯酸滴定法测定其肉中谷氨酸钠的含量。结果表明：①牦牛、犏牛和黄牛肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;多不饱和脂肪酸在犏牛肉中含量最高,明显高于牦牛和黄牛肉（P〉0.05）。②牦牛肉肌苷的含量明显高于同龄黄牛（P〈0.05）;三种牛肉中肌苷酸的含量无显著差异（P〉0.05）;犏牛肉硫胺素的含量最高,明显高于同龄黄牛（P〈0.05）;犏牛与黄牛肉谷氨酸钠的含量明显高于同龄牦牛（P〉0.05）。

Determination of fatty acid and flavor Materials in muscle of yak,pianniu and Yellow cattle

1.5 years old yaks（♂,3） and pianniu（♂,3） were randomly selected from the same kerd in Guoluo Prefecture,and 1.5 years old yellow cattle（♂,3） were randomly selected in Huangzhong County of Qinghai Province to study and compare the fatty acid and flavor materials in muscle.The content of inosine,inosine acid and vitamin B1 in the muscle of yakpianniu and yellow cattle were analysed by HPLC（high performance liquid chromatography）,and the content of sodium glutamate was analysed by perchloric acid titration.The composition and content of fatty acids were analysed by GC-MS（gas chromatography - Mass Spectrometer）.The results showed as follows：（1）There were no significant difference in the content of saturated fatty acid （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） among the muscle of yak,of pianniu and yellow eattle（P〉0.05）. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA） in the muscle of pianniu was significantly higher than that of yak and yellow cattle（P〈0.05）.（2）he content of inosine in the muscle of yak was significantly higher than that in the muscle of yellow cattle （P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in the content of inosine acid in the muscle among pianniu, yellow cattle and yak（P〉0.05）.The content of vitamin B1 in the muscle of pianniu was significantly higher than that of yellow cattle （P〈0.05）.The sodium glutamate in the muscle of cattle and pianniu were significantly higher than that of yak（P〈0.05 ）.