Biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen in cool-season turfgrass systems |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710075 (China);2. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC27695-7616 (USA);3. Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100 (China);4. Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC27695-7621 (USA);1. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;2. Kamterter LLC, Waverly, NE, USA;3. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA;1. Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China;2. Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;3. School of Design, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;4. Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden;5. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;6. Xi’an City Planning & Design Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China;1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7012, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7033, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;2. Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, South Korea;3. Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, South Korea;4. Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Managed turf areas are both a source and a sink for greenhouse gases (GHGs). Management practices, including turfgrass selection and mowing, influence the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stored in the soil, as well as the associated GHG emissions. The objective of this research was to determine the net C and N balance (i.e. the amount of C and N stored less the amount emitted) of managed turfgrass systems with different grasses (species and cultivars) and management practices (mowing frequency and grass clippings management). Data explicitly quantified in this experiment include annual mowing requirements and accompanying GHG emissions, annual dry matter yield, soil C and N accumulation, and GHG flux of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars with varying growth rates. Leaf, verdure, and root tissue C and N were also determined, along with the corresponding biomass. Estimations of emissions from fertilization, irrigation, and pesticide applications were also included in the net balance calculations.All of the turfgrasses and management practices in this experiment resulted in a system-wide net C sink, though the magnitude of the sink varied by turfgrass selection and management strategy. In general, higher-yielding grasses and management practices increased soil C but also increased mowing requirements and thus emissions. Returning grass clippings was found to increase yield, soil and leaf tissue N, and soil C, but it also marginally increased mowing requirements. The results of this experiment support the assertion that managed turfgrass areas can act as a net C sink to help curb the increasing atmospheric GHG concentrations. The C sequestration potential of managed turfgrass is another of the numerous functional benefits of urban grasslands. |
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| Keywords: | Carbon sequestration Greenhouse gas flux Kentucky bluegrass Tall fescue Turfgrass management Urban soils |
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