A reality check on the landscape approach to REDD+: Lessons from Latin America |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, David King Hall, room 3019, 4400 University Drive, MSN 5F2, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;3. Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands;4. WWF Forest and Climate Programme, 1250 24th St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA;5. Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Economics, University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada;1. Radboud Universiteit, The Netherlands;2. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. Radboud Universiteit (RU), P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Directorate of Forest and Climate Change, ONF International, Carrera 47a # 91-91, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia;3. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | Developing and institutionalizing cross-sectoral approaches to sustainable land use remains a crucial, yet politically contested, objective in global sustainability governance. There is a widely acknowledged need for more integrated approaches to sustainable land use that reconcile multiple landscape functions, sectors and stakeholders. However, this faces a number of challenges in practice, including the lack of policy coherence and institutional conflicts across agricultural and forest sectors. In this context, the global climate change mitigation mechanism of “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation” (REDD+) has been flagged as a unique opportunity to stimulate the development and institutionalization of more integrated, “landscape” approaches to sustainable land use. In this article, we provide a reality check for the prospects of REDD+ to deliver on this promise, through analyzing three pioneer cases of REDD+ development and implementation in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico. We analyze how REDD+ has operated in each of these three contexts, based on field work, key-informant interviews, and analysis of primary and secondary documents. Our findings suggest that REDD+ has stimulated development of “niche” sustainable land-use investments in each case, which aim to integrate forest conservation and agricultural development goals, but has done so while competing with business-as-usual incentives. We conclude that national and international political commitment to more integrated and sustainable land-use approaches is a precondition for, rather than a result of, transformative REDD+ interventions. |
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