Estimating the willingness to pay for green space services in Shanghai: Implications for social equity in urban China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Urban Design, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China;2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. Department of Urban Planning, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China;4. School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China;1. School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China;2. Key Laboratory of GIS, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China;3. Key Laboratory of Digital Mapping and Land Information Application Engineering, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China;4. Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China;5. Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States;6. Shenzhen Research Centre of Digital City Engineering, Shenzhen 518034, China;1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China;2. Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, WC1H 0NN, London, United Kingdom;3. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China;1. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;3. Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China |
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| Abstract: | The willingness to pay can be considered as the fiscal dimension of equity in a planning context. The common solution in most western countries for such fiscal inequity is to apply taxation to rebalance; however, there is no equivalent tax category in China, where residential segregation has already occurred and intensified. This paper re-examines the traditional economic aspects of urban green space in relation to size, type and proximity level, and questions whether green fiscal equity appeared in China by exploring how homebuyers in different price ranges value green space services. Specifically, this paper uses the empirical case of Shanghai, China, to test the hypothesis via the quantile hedonic approach. The results show that people at the lowest percentile level paid a higher value for accessing urban public goods than people at the higher income percentiles, and that wealthy people prefer to purchase green space services privately. These results indicate that the traditional social equity problem may not appear in the Chines context, instead urban China’s problem with social quity may be more related to the privatisation of green space provision, which is only accessible to homeowners and the resulting decline of public green space developments, which primarily affects low-income renters. |
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| Keywords: | Social equity Willingness to pay Green space Quantile regression Club goods Shanghai |
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