黄淮冬麦区部分区域小麦品种构成及品质性状分析

【目的】通过定点农户调查和田间采样分析，了解黄淮麦区主产区小麦生产的品种构成及小麦品质性状，为小麦品种选育和食品加工业的产品开发提供理论依据。【方法】2008年夏收时在陕西、河南、河北3省所属9个地市、27个县区、81个乡镇抽取农户田间小麦主栽品种样品243份；2009年夏收时在同一区域抽取农户田间小麦主栽品种样品242份。统计小麦品种构成，分析小麦样品的籽粒品质和面团流变学特性。【结果】黄淮麦区调查区域小麦主栽品种数量较多（86个小麦品种），优质强筋小麦品种种植比例较低（19.8%）。小麦籽粒千粒重（39.5g）、容重（787 g?L-1）、蛋白质含量（14.0%）较高，籽粒硬度大（56%），但沉淀值较低（26.7 mL）；除沉淀值和粉质参数外，其它品质性状年际间均表现出显著差异（P＜0.05）。【结论】调查地区生产的小麦属硬质、高蛋白质、中强筋产品；该区域具有生产高筋、强筋小麦的潜在优势。政府部门应加强稳产、高产、优质专用小麦品种的推广，以提高小麦商品粮的质量水平,促进传统农业区食品加工产业的持续发展。

Analysis of the Variety Composition and Quality Properties of Wheat in A Part of the Yellow-Huai River Zone

【Objective】This investigation was carried out to study the variety composition and quality traits of wheat from a part of Yellow-Huai River Zone by a follow-up survey and sampling analysis at the fixed locations, and to provide a theoretical basis for wheat breeding and novel product development of food industry. 【Method】 A total of 243 and 242 wheat samples were respectively collected in harvest periods in 2008 and 2009 from a part of the Yellow-Huai River Zone. The cultivars were collected from the farming field in each location. The variety composition was summed up, and wheat kernel quality and dough rheological properties were determined.【Result】The number of main varieties in production was too much (including 86 wheat varieties), and the proportion of wheat varieties with good quality was less (19.8%). The results indicated that the thousand kernel weight (39.5 g), bulk weight (787 g?L-1), kernel hardness (56%) and the protein content (14.0%) were higher, while the Zeleny sedimentation (26.7 mL) volume was lower. Except for Zeleny sedimentation volume and Farinograms, significant differences were observed in most quality traits of wheat in different years (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Wheat from the studing areas of the Yellow-Huai River Zone was hard in kernel and high in protein content, and its gluten was medium-strong, and it is promising to grow strong-gluten wheat in the Yellow-Huai River Zone. More work should be done by governmental departments to strengthen the extension of wheat varieties with stable, high yield and good quality, which could improve the quality of commodity wheat in wheat production areas and promote the sustainable development of food industry in the traditional agricultural zones.