数字人文“二手证据”循证范式研究：以敦煌汉简为例

目的/意义]随着数字人文研究范式的兴起,为研究者基于二手资源开展循证研究提供了契机。方法/过程]本文首先梳理了数字人文“二手证据”循证范式相关的理论基础,并以敦煌汉简为例对数字人文“二手证据”循证范式进行了实证分析。通过来自CNKI的287篇敦煌汉简相关研究文献的编码分析,检验了信度和效度,并对类目体系展开了综合分析。结果/结论]本文提出了循证数字人文基于“二手证据”展开循证研究的包括文献检索、类目编制、“二手证据”要素的综合分析3个阶段,以及证据检索、信度检验环节、效度检验环节和类目构建、证据要素综合5个环节构成的“三阶段五环节”范式。本研究所构建的范式,对循证数字人文学科、学术和话语体系建设具有一定的理论参照和实践指引价值。

Exploring the Paradigm of Secondhand Evidence Based Digital Humanity Research: A Case Study of Dunhuang Wooden and Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty

Purpose/Significance] The research paradigm of digital humanities provides an opportunity for researchers to conduct evidence-based research based on second-hand resources. The second-hand evidence in the evidence-based digital humanities research mainly refers to the secondary evidence obtained by researchers through analysis of the original literature records. Academic papers are such an example of second-hand evidence and analysis of these papers enables us to be focused on the exploration, discussion and comprehension of the specific evidence. Method/Process] This paper aims to shed light on the theoretical basis related to second-hand evidence based digital humanities research, and conduct an empirical analysis with Dunhuang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. Through the coding analysis of 287 relevant research papers downloaded from the CNKI database, the reliability and validity of the research were tested, and a comprehensive analysis of the category system was conducted. On this basis, two independent coders systematically coded all academic papersby, and a coding system was formed with reliable reliability and validity. This coding system provided us a foundation to summarize the procedure of extracting the second-hand evidence from academic papers in the digital humanities research. Results/Conclusions] This paper issued a three-stage and five- link procedure for second-hand evidence based digital humanity research. The "three stages" refer to the systematical literature retrieval, category formulation and comprehensive analysis of the second-hand evidence elements and the five links include evidence retrieval, reliability test, validity test, category construction and evidence element synthesis. The procedure developed by this research is expected to shed light on the knowledge organization of ancient literature works and lay a foundation for the digital humanities research based on the secondary resources like academic papers. Thus, based on the above procedure, the researchers in the digital humanities area are able to extract fruitful second-hand evidence from secondary resources (academic papers, for example) instead of acquiring initial evidence. This procedure may benefit the evidence-based digital humanity research because it is always a challenging task for individual researcher to access the initial research material like Dunhang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. In summary, the paradigm constructed in this study has certain theoretical reference and practical guidance value for the construction of evidence-based digital humanities subject, and academic and discourse system. Thus, it is expected to benefit the construction of independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.