玉米籽粒脱水及机收籽粒研究进展

为了探明玉米籽粒机收质量的关键因素,解决收获期籽粒含水率偏高的问题,总结与分析了国内外玉米籽粒脱水相关研究,笔者提出未来玉米籽粒机收推广过程中,选用适宜籽粒机械化直收优良品种,不断改进种植模式、优化养分和水分施用方式,研发高效促脱水化学调控产品等关键栽培技术途径,是推动中国玉米籽粒机收的重要途径。笔者结合玉米生产实际,提出了加快籽粒机收推广的建议：加快早熟、籽粒脱水快、适宜机收品种的选育;明确各生态区域影响籽粒脱水动态的因素和机制;综合运用粒收品种选育、品种熟期配置、延迟收获期、栽培技术配套。同时,应加强农艺措施相配套的轻简化农机装备的有效研制,农艺农机有机融合,推动玉米籽粒机收技术应用,提升玉米产业整体竞争力。

The Dehydration and Mechanical-harvesting of Maize Grain: Research Progress

To find out the key factors affecting the mechanical-harvesting quality of maize grain, and solve the problem of high moisture content of grain in harvesting period, the research on maize grain dehydration was summarized. It is suggested that in the process of mechanical-harvesting of maize grain, the key cultivation techniques should be breeding excellent varieties suitable for direct mechanical-harvesting, improving planting patterns, optimizing nutrient and water application methods, and developing efficient chemical control products to promote dehydration. Combining with maize production practice, suggestions are put forward to speed up the popularization of mechanical-harvesting of maize grains, such as speeding up the breeding of varieties of early maturity, fast dehydration and suitable for mechanical-harvesting; clarifying the factors and mechanisms that influence the dynamic state of mechanical-harvesting of grains in each ecological region; comprehensively using variety breeding, variety maturity stage configuration, delayed harvesting period and matching cultivation techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to develop light-simplified agricultural machinery equipment matching with agronomic measures, so as to enhance the application of mechanical-harvesting technology of maize grain and the overall competitiveness of maize industry.