关中平原人为土形成的历史探析

塿土是关中平原主要的人为土类型，其形成受耕作方式、施肥和灌溉等农耕活动的影响，每一次农业生产技术的变革定会引起土壤资源利用方式及强度的变化。本文通过历史文献中关于农业生产过程的梳理，复原了关中人为土的历史形成过程，并探讨农业技术变革与土壤资源利用及土壤演变之间的互动关系。研究表明：自原始农业开始，对土壤环境与作物的自然认知推动了早期土壤耕作层的形成，伴随着农业技术的延续与变革，施于土壤的作用力逐渐增强，人为影响成为重要的成土要素，加速了关中地区人为土的形成。古代关中平原农业生产中的抗旱保墒技术、土粪施用及淤灌是农业土壤形成的主要驱动因素。

The Formation History of Anthropogenic Soils in Guanzhong Plain

Lou soil is the major agricultural soil in Guanzhong region. The formation of Lou soil was influenced by farming activities such as cultivation, fertilization and irrigation, and every change of agricultural production technology would cause the change of the utilization mode and intensity of soil. Through the analysis of historical documents, the historical formation process of Guanzhong anthropogenic soil, and the interaction between agricultural technology change and soil evolution were studied in the paper. The results showed that since the beginning of primitive agriculture, the natural cognition of soil environment and crops had promoted the formation of early soil ploughing layer. With the extension and development of agricultural technology, the force applied to soil gradually increased, so that the human influence became an important element of soil formation and accelerated the formation of anthropogenic soil in Guanzhong. The ancient agricultural production technologies such as soil moisture conservation, fertilizer added with loess and basin irrigation were the main driving factors of agricultural soil formation.