“籼改粳”稻产势与化肥减量增效方法试验效果

江西省自2009年开始探索北粳南引，推进“籼改粳”稻工程。为验证“籼改粳”稻的产势，探索粳稻化肥减量增效施用方法，江西省景德镇市于2016年开展了“籼改粳”晚稻产势与化肥减量增效施用方法试验。试验结果显示，在相同施肥和同时收割条件下，粳稻‘甬优1538’比籼稻‘粤优9113’增产稻谷1450 kg/hm²、增16.06%。粳稻较籼稻产量高的原因在于粳稻每穗实粒数较多。试验结果显示，推荐施肥方法2比农户施肥方法节省氮磷钾养分123.9 kg/hm²、节省20.31%，增产稻谷483.75 kg/hm²、增4.67%，节本增效1765.35元/hm²、增7.87%，增收效果达显著水平。推荐施肥方法较农户施肥方法增产的主要原因在于促进了籽粒结实，增加了每穗实粒数。本次试验结果表明，粳稻较籼稻增产优势明显，推荐施肥方法较农户施肥方法节本增产增效。推荐施肥方法在氮磷钾养分协调及分蘖、孕穗施肥时间上更为合理，粳稻孕穗肥施用时间后移效果更佳。

Experimental Effect of Yield Potential and Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase of the Project of ‘Japonica Rice Replacing Indica Rice’

Jiangxi Province has begun the introduction of japonica rice from north China since 2009, and promoted the project of ‘japonica rice replacing indica rice’. In order to verify the yield potential of rice under the project, and explore the method of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase of japonica rice, the experiment of late-rice yield potential and fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase of japonica rice was carried out in 2016 in Jingdezhen City of Jiangxi Province. The results showed that under the same fertilization and harvesting conditions, the yield of japonica rice variety ‘Yongyou 1538’ increased by 1450 kg/hm² (16.06%) compared with that of indica rice ‘Yueyou 9113’, because japonica rice had more grains per panicle. The results also showed that, compared with the farmers’ conventional fertilization method, the recommended fertilization method 2 could save nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient by 123.9 kg/hm² (20.31%), increase rice yield by 483.75 kg/hm² (4.67%), save cost and increase efficiency by 1765.35 yuan/hm² (7.87%), and the effect of increasing income reached a significant level. The recommended fertilization method achieved higher yield by promoting grain setting and increasing the number of grains per panicle. In conclusion, japonica rice has obvious yield increase advantage compared with indica rice, and the recommended fertilization method is more efficient than farmers’ conventional fertilization method. The recommended fertilization method is more reasonable in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coordination and fertilization time at tillering and booting stages, and the effect of late fertilization time at booting stage of japonica rice is much better.