赤霉素和叶面肥对马铃薯原原种雾化生产的影响

为明确叶面喷施外源激素赤霉素(GA)、尿素(UREA)和硝酸钙(CN)对雾培马铃薯生产的影响,以‘中薯5号’和‘中薯19号’为材料,用清水(CK)、GA、UREA、CN、GA+UREA、GA+CN处理叶面,对比分析不同处理对马铃薯植株生长情况及产量的影响。结果发现,GA、GA+UREA和GA+CN处理显著增加了‘中薯5号’和‘中薯19号’的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、匍匐茎分枝数、单株产量和单株结薯数,降低马铃薯植株叶绿素含量指数;‘中薯5号’的单株产量和单株结薯数分别增加42.0%、34.0%、50.9%和48.8%、30.5%、39.0%,‘中薯19号’的单株产量和单株结薯数分别增加36.4%、29.9%、35.8%和44.8%、43.7%、44.8%,而单施UREA和CN对产量影响不显著。试验表明,含GA的喷施处理均能促进雾培马铃薯植株营养生长,从而提高雾培马铃薯单株结薯数。

Gibberellin and Foliar Fertilizer: Effects on Pre-basic Seeds of Potato Production by Aeroponics

In order to clarify the effects of foliar application of exogenous hormone gibberellin (GA), urea (UREA) and calcium nitrate (CN) on potato production by aeroponics, ‘Zhongshu 5’ and ‘Zhongshu 19’ were used as materials, clear water (CK), GA, UREA, CN, GA+UREA, GA+CN were sprayed on leaves, and the effects of the treatments on growth and yield were studied comparatively. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, number of stolon branches, single-plant yield and tuber number per plant were increased by GA, GA+UREA and GA+CN, while the chlorophyll content index of leaves was decreased significantly. Under GA, GA+UREA and GA+CN, the single-plant yield and tuber number per plant of ‘Zhongshu 5’ were increased by 42.0% and 34.0%, 50.9% and 48.8%, and 30.5% and 39.0%, respectively; the single-plant yield and tuber number per plant of ‘Zhongshu 19’ were increased by 36.4% and 29.9%, 35.8% and 44.8%, and 43.7% and 44.8%, respectively, while the effects of signal application of URAE or CN on yield were not significant. The experiment indicates that the spraying treatments containing GA could promote the vegetative growth, thus increasing the tuber number per plant of potato plants by aeroponics.