宁夏番茄气候适宜度变化特征分析

本文探讨了宁夏地区番茄气候适宜度的分布规律，旨在为宁夏番茄种植的区域规划提供参考。根据宁夏1981—2016年的气象观测资料和番茄生育期数据，建立气候适宜度模型，分析各气象因子适宜度变化特征。结果表明：日照适宜度在各气象要素中表现最好，是宁夏番茄生长最有利的气象因素；降水适宜度在空间上呈南高北低分布，年际变率较大，是影响气候适宜度年际变化的关键因子；温度适宜度在不同生育期变率大，是制约宁夏番茄种植的主要气象因素，且逐渐向更为有利的条件发展。宁夏中北部4个市的气候适宜度均较高，固原市的气候条件不利于番茄的生长发育。从气候适宜度分布上看，宁夏中北部地区番茄种植的气候适宜度最好，气候条件整体最有利于番茄生长。

Climate Suitability of Tomato in Ningxia: Variation Characteristics

The study discussed the distribution law of climate suitability of tomato in Ningxia, and aimed to provide reference for the regional planning of tomato cultivation. Based on the growth data of tomato provided by the Agricultural Technology Center of Huinong and the meteorological data provided by 24 meteorological observation stations, including the data of temperature, precipitation, and sunshine from 1981 to 2016, climate suitability models were established to analyze the variation characteristics of the suitability of meteorological factors. The results showed that the sunshine suitability was the most favorable meteorological factor for tomato growth in Ningxia, whose spatial distribution was high in the north and low in the south. The precipitation suitability decreased from south to north, but it could be compensated by the irrigation of the Yellow River, its high inter-annual variability made it the key factor affecting the inter-annual change of the climate suitability. The temperature suitability varied remarkably in different growth periods, and was the main meteorological factor that restricted tomato cultivation in Ningxia, and it gradually changed into a favorable condition. The suitability of the 4 cities in northern and central Ningxia was relatively high, and the meteorological condition in Guyuan was not conducive to the tomato growth and development. From the distribution of climate suitability, the climate suitability of tomato planting in the northern and central Ningxia is the best, and its overall climate condition is the most conducive to the growth of tomato.