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甜荞野生近缘种观察与利用研究
引用本文:高润清,高悦,黄爱斌,淡振荣,郑粉艳,王婷,杜建军,任琴琴,艾荣,高立荣.甜荞野生近缘种观察与利用研究[J].农学学报,2022,12(3):11-16.
作者姓名:高润清  高悦  黄爱斌  淡振荣  郑粉艳  王婷  杜建军  任琴琴  艾荣  高立荣
作者单位:1.榆林职业技术学院农学院,陕西榆林 719000;2.靖边县农广校,陕西榆林 718500;3.靖边县农业技术推广中心,陕西榆林 718500
基金项目:陕西省技术创新引导专项“杂交荞麦高产品种集成技术开发与推广”(2017CG-002)
摘    要:为了较大幅度提高栽培甜荞的产量水平,利用甜荞野生近缘种优良资源改良传统的甜荞选育高产品种.经观察统计,野生近缘种荞麦与甜荞外部形态完全相同,仅花器构造不同.其中野生近缘种荞麦茎秆坚硬,生育期适中,具有雌雄蕊等长、自交可育(结实率高达41.9%~62.6%,套袋自交结实率为21.2%,),且与甜荞杂交也可育等优点.但是,...

关 键 词:甜荞  野生近缘种  自花授粉  结实率高  亲和  杂交
收稿时间:2020-05-14

Wild Relatives of Common Buckwheat: Observation and Utilization
GAO Runqing,GAO Yue,HUANG Aibin,DAN Zhenrong,ZHENG Fenyan,WANG Ting,DU Jianjun,REN Qinqin,AI Rong,GAO Lirong.Wild Relatives of Common Buckwheat: Observation and Utilization[J].Journal of Agriculture,2022,12(3):11-16.
Authors:GAO Runqing  GAO Yue  HUANG Aibin  DAN Zhenrong  ZHENG Fenyan  WANG Ting  DU Jianjun  REN Qinqin  AI Rong  GAO Lirong
Institution:1.College of Agriculture, Yulin Vocational and Technical College, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China;2.Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School of Jingbian County, Yulin 718500, Shaanxi, China;3.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jingbian County, Yulin 718500, Shaanxi, China
Abstract:To increase the yield of cultivated common buckwheat, the traditional common buckwheat varieties with high yield were improved by using the superior related wild resources of buckwheat. According to the observation and statistics, the external morphology of wild relatives and cultivated common buckwheat were identical, while the floral structures were different. Among them, the stems of wild relatives were hard and the growth period was moderate, and wild relatives of buckwheat also had the advantages of equal length of pistils and stamens, self-fertility (the seed setting rate was as high as 41.9%-62.6%, and the bagging self-crossing seed setting rate was 21.2%) and fertility after hybridizing with common buckwheat. However, there were also some disadvantages in the wild relatives, such as strong seed shattering and easy panicle germination. The common buckwheat had extremely long stamens (cross-pollination) and the setting rate of crossing and bagging self-crossing (indicating self-crossing sterility) were only 12.9% and 0.9%, respectively. F1 (wild relatives used as the female parent and common buckwheat as the male parent) showed the genetic markers of male parent’s red wings, which indicated that it was a hybrid definitely. The yield results showed that the average yield per plant of female parent was 6.3 gram and the thousand-grain weight was 20.4 g, while the average yield of F1 was 23.4 g per plant and the thousand-grain weight was 27.1 g. The yield of F1 was 3.7 times that of the female parent plant, showing significant heterosis in F1. The results of experimentⅡshowed that F1 had the middle color of parental corolla, which was incomplete dominant. Besides, the plant height was relatively low and its pistils and stamens in floral structure were with equal length. In F2 generation, five dark red plants, the same color of corolla as their male parent, were isolated; among which, 2 plants had the same flower structure as their female parent (the equal length of pistils and stamens). The seed setting rate of these five plants was 47%. Another three plants were heterogony, which was the same as their male parent, and the seed setting rate was less than 10%. The study indicates that the wild relatives of buckwheat have cross compatibility with common buckwheat, and they possess strong heterosis, self-fertility and high seed setting rate, so they could be considered to be a quite precious germplasm resource to improve the low-yield situation of common buckwheat.
Keywords:buckwheat  wild relatives  self-pollination  high seed setting rate  cross compatibility  hybridization  
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