土壤改良材料对土壤理化性质及烤烟产质量的影响

为了研究不同土壤改良材料对土壤理化性质及烤烟产质量的影响,采用单因素试验对土壤改良剂、生物磷肥、酵素炭、土壤调理剂和土壤培肥剂5种土壤改良材料的改良效果进行了研究。试验结果表明：（1）5种土壤改良材料均可降低采烤后土壤中有机质、水解性氮、有效铜、有效锰和有效硼含量,同时可提高土壤pH、交换性钙、交换性镁和有效硫含量;（2）除土壤调理剂降低茎围外,其他改良材料均可促进烟株生长发育,能不同程度增加株高或茎围,同时改良材料均对最大叶长、宽无明显影响;（3）土壤改良剂能使烤烟化学成分更趋于协调,除总糖含量略高于优质烟叶范围外其他化学成分均符合优质烟叶的生产;（4）酵素炭和土壤改良剂有利于改善烤烟物理特性,分别在保持单位面积重量和含水率上有较好的作用;（5）5种土壤改良材料均可提高产值,其中土壤改良剂效果最好,产量增加了27 kg/hm²、产值增加了11171.25元/hm²、上等烟比例增加了5.1%、中上等烟比例增加了2.95%。

Effects of Soil Improvement Materials on Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To study the effects of different soil improvement materials on soil physicochemical properties and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, single factor experiment was used to explore the effects of five soil improvement materials, namely, soil improvement agent, bio-phosphate fertilizer, ferment carbon, soil conditioner and soil fertilizing agent. The results are as follows: (1) The five soil improvement materials could reduce the content of organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available copper, available manganese and available boron, and increase pH, and the content of exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and available sulfur in tobacco planting soil. (2) Except that soil conditioner could reduce the stem girth, other materials could promote the growth and development of tobacco plants, increase the plant height or stem girth in varying degrees, while all the improvement materials had no significant effect on the maximum leaf length and width. (3) Soil improvement agent could make the chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco more harmonious, except that the total sugar content was slightly higher than that of high-quality tobacco leaves, other chemical compositions were consistent with the production of high-quality tobacco leaves. (4) Ferment carbon and soil improvement agent were beneficial to improving the physical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, and had better effect on maintaining the weight per unit area and moisture content respectively. (5) The five soil improvement materials could all increase the output value, and the effect of soil improvement agent was the best with the increase of the tobacco yield by 27 kg/hm², the output value by 11171.25 yuan/hm², the proportion of superior tobacco leaves by 5.1%, and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco leaves by 2.95%.