牙克石地区雏鸭霉高粱米中毒的病因研究──优势菌的分离鉴定与本动物复归实验

黑龙江省某个体养鸭户，共养雏鸭５０８０只，因饲喂霉败高梁米造成全部鸭群中毒死亡。将霉败高粱米在察氏培养基和马铃薯葡萄糖培养基上稀释培养，菌相观察及留量分析结果表明，优势菌为两种青霉菌，并经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定为鲜绿青霉（ＰｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍＶｉｒｉｄｉｃａｔｕｍＷｅｓｔｔｉｎｇ）和扩展青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉ－ｕｍｅｘｐａｎｓｕｍＬｉｎｋ）。以这两种优势菌的高粱米产毒培养物，饲喂２１日龄雏鸭致病试验表明，５０％扩展青霉菌粮组于５～１０天内全部死亡，１００％鲜绿青霉菌粮组在整个试验期间无死亡，但生长缓慢，被毛粗糙，食欲减退，拉稀等，混合组（２５％抒展青霉菌粮＋２５％鲜绿青霉菌粮）于１０～２１ｄ内全部死亡；对照组未见异常。据此认为，黑龙江省某养鸭户雏鸭霉高粱米中毒的主要致病真菌是鲜绿青霉和扩展青霉，而扩展青霉的代谢产物是雏鸭致死的直接原因。

A Study on the Cause of Disease of Youg Ducks Poisoned by Mildew Grain Sorghum in Yakeshi Area

The soso young ducks raised by a individual duck-raising family in Heilougjiang province were died of poisoning for feeding mildew grain sorghum The mildew grain sorghums were cultured b dilting on the zapek's media and potato-gwcose media.Phase of fungi observed and amountas of fungi were andlysed.The results showed,superior fungi were two penicillia-Penicillum Vindication westting(PVW) and Penicillum expansum Link (DEL)that were identified by microbial research institute of the Chinese Academy o f Science.The 21 days old young ducks were fed on the poisoned Cullture things Producted by the tow superior foung and the results showed 50percentof the young ducks tveated by the PELdied within 5-10days,100percent of the young ducks treated by PVW lived in all the period of test,but the young dueks grew slowly, andtheir hairs were coarse and their apptite declfned et al All the young ducks treated by mixture of 25 perceat of PEL and 25perceutof PVW died within 1021days.But the contrast group is normal Accordingly,we think that main diseasecausing fungi of the young ducks poisoned by mildew graim sorghum in Heilongjiang Province were PELand PVW,and it is metabolite of PEL and PEW,and it is metabolite of PAL that caused death of the young ducks