四川崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树生化成分及制茶品质初探

通过调查四川崇州枇杷茶野生大茶树的资源现状,根据植物学特征,从中选取具代表性的茶树初分为6种不同类型(依次编号为A类、B类、C类、D类、E类、F类),测试了其主要生化成分含量,评审了所制红、绿茶样的制茶品质。结果表明,不同类型枇杷茶树游离氨基酸总量为(2.46±0.07)%～(5.69±0.10)%,茶多酚含量为(21.67±0.40)%～(37.16±0.99)%,咖啡碱含量为(4.01±0.18)%～(4.88±0.03)%,水浸出物含量为(33.31±2.49)%～(47.28±1.35)%,儿茶素总量为(77.08±1.18)～(236.47±29.59)mg/g,因此,部分材料可以作为选育高儿茶素、高咖啡碱等特异成分的育种材料。以咖啡碱、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯作为影响红碎茶品质的第一、二、三主成分或综合因子,结合主要生化成分含量、酚/氨值及感官审评结果可推论,E类适制红茶,F类制绿茶品质最优。从茶氨酸及苯丙氨酸的含量比例、儿茶素组分及总量等可推论,6类供试枇杷茶树中,E类茶树进化程度最高,接近栽培型。

Preliminary Study on Biochemical Composition and Processing Quality of Chongzhou Loquat Wild Tea Plants in Sichuan

According to the current resource status and the botanical charactenstic of Chongzhou loquat wild tea plants,the representative plants were selected and divided as six types(from A to F).The major biochemical components were determined,and the quality of manufactured black tea and green tea was evaluated.Results showed that: To different types of Chongzhou loquat tea,free amino acids arranged at(2.46±0.07)%～(5.69±0.10)%,polyphenol content arranged at(21.41±13.48)%～(37.16±0.99)%,caffeine content arranged at(4.01±0.18)%～(4.88±0.03)%,water extract content arranged at(33.31±2.49)%～(47.28±1.35)%,total catechins arranged at(77.08±1.18)～(236.47±29.59) mg/g.Some types of Chongzhou loquat wild tea plants can be used as resources in the breeding of high content of catechin,caffeine and other specific ingredients of tea varieties.It can be deduced that E-Class was appropriate system of black tea and F-Class was suitable for green tea by using the caffeine ECG,EGC as the first,second and third principle components or the combinational factors on the quality of broken black tea and according to the contents of major biochemical components and polyphenol/amino acids ratio and sensory evaluation scores.It can be inferred from the content of theanine and phenylalanine,total catechins and catechins components that E-class was closer to the cultivative type among 6 types of Chongzhou loquat tea plants.