贵阳城市周边蔬菜规模化种植农药残留风险分析——以贵阳市某区为例

分析城市周边（以贵阳市某区为例）蔬菜规模化种植农药残留情况及其质量安全状况。本文利用气相色谱对贵阳市某区7个蔬菜基地有机磷、有机氯和菊酯类17种农药残留进行定量检测分析,采用食品安全指数对蔬菜安全进行风险分析。结果表明：该地区均有3种农药（百菌清、甲氰菊酯、毒死蜱）在蔬菜样品中被不同程度检出,平均检出率为6.63%,百菌清的检出率最高(9.84%)、甲氰菊酯(8.2%)的检出率次之、毒死蜱(1.83%)的检出率最低,检出的农药除毒死蜱不做判定之外其余的两种农药残留均未超标。一至四季度蔬菜样品中农药残留检出率三季度最高(15.68%),四季度次之(15%),将被检的109个蔬菜样品按照6个大类进行分析,不同种类蔬菜农残检出率依次为：豆类蔬菜(33.34%)>茄类(21.43%)>瓜果类(17.06%)>叶菜类(3.13%)。所检蔬菜样品的$\bar{IFS}$值<<1,2017年农药对该地区7个蔬菜基地均没有影响,蔬菜农药残留检出率级别均属安全,可为消费者所接受。该研究为当地的农业生产质量安全提供了理论数据,保证了当地居民的健康饮食。

Risk Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Large-scale Planting Vegetables: The Case of a District in Suburban Guiyang

The study is to analyze the status of pesticide residues in large-scale planting vegetables around the city (taking a district of Guiyang for example). Gas chromatography was used to quantitatively analyze 17 kinds of pesticides’ residue of organic phosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid in 7 vegetable bases. The international food standard was used to evaluate the safety of the vegetables. The results showed that three kinds of pesticides (chlorothalonil, fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos) were detected at different degrees in the vegetable samples with an average detection rate of 6.63%. The highest detection rate was chlorothalonil (9.84%), and the detection rate of fenpropathrin was the second (8.2%), and the detection rate of chlorpyrifos was the lowest (1.83%). According to the national food safety standards, without the determination of chlorpyrifos, the other two pesticides’ residue did not exceed the standard. The quarterly detection rate of the year was the highest in the third quarter (15.68%), followed by that of the fourth quarter (15%). The 109 vegetable samples tested were classified according to 6 categories, the detection rate from high to low was bean vegetables (33.34%) > solanaceous vegetables (21.43%) > melon and fruit vegetables (17.06%) > leaf vegetables (3.13%). The vegetable samples’ ($\bar{IFS}$) was <<1. In 2017, pesticides had no impact on the seven vegetable bases in the region, and the detection rate of pesticide residue of vegetables was safe and acceptable to consumers. The research could provide some data for the quality and safety control in local vegetable production, thus ensuring the healthy diet for local residents．