不同发育阶段干旱胁迫对玉米株高、果穗性状及产量的影响

为研究同一品种不同发育阶段干旱胁迫对玉米植株高度、果穗性状以及产量的影响程度,设置全生育期供水充足、大田自然干旱、拔节期控水、抽雄期控水、拔节期控水-复水、抽雄期控水-复水6种处理的对比试验,用对比分析的方法比较不同处理下玉米的株高、果穗性状以及产量之间的差异。结果表明：干旱胁迫使玉米植株矮小,果穗长减小7.88%~54.55%,果穗粗减小14.58%~52.08%,秃尖长度增大66.67%~258.33%,百粒重减小0.99%~41.36%,单株产量减少15.03%~94.41%,最终导致减产23.57%~90.03%。不同发育阶段干旱胁迫对产量的影响差异显著,全生育期干旱最为严重,几乎无产量,拔节期次之,抽雄期干旱胁迫影响最小,复水后由于部分补偿了前期干旱胁迫所减少的生物量,果穗性状、百粒重均有好转,减产幅度减轻。

Drought Stress Affects Height, Ear Characteristics and Yield of Maize at Different Growth Stages

To study the effects of drought stress on plant height, ear characteristics and yield of the same maize variety at different growth stages, a comparative experiment was set up with six treatments, including sufficient water supply during the whole growth period, the natural drought, the water control at the jointing stage, the water control at the tasseling stage, the water control and re-watering at the jointing stage and the water control and re-watering at the tasseling stage. The differences of the maize height, ear characteristics and yield under different treatments were compared. The results showed that the drought stress shortened the maize plant, decreased the ear length by 7.88%-54.55%, decreased the ear diameter by 14.58%-52.08%, increased the barren ear tip length by 66.67%- 258.33% , decreased the 100- kernel weight by 0.99%- 41.36% , and decreased the yield per plant by 15.03%- 94.41% , which eventually led to a yield reduction of 23.57%- 90.03%. The effects of drought stress on yield were significantly different at different growth stages. The effect of the drought stress during the whole growth period was the most serious, with almost no yield, followed by that at the jointing stage. The effect of the drought stress at the tasseling stage was the least. After re-watering, the biomass reduced by the previous drought stress was partially compensated, so the ear characteristics and 100-kernel weight were all improved, and the yield reduction was reduced.