加强果树规范化采样和病毒检测,降低潜隐和危险性病毒对我国苹果产业的危害风险

苹果病毒病在世界各苹果产区广泛发生,危害严重,目前没有有效的防治药剂。苹果病毒具有潜隐危害、主要以嫁接方式传播的特点。危险性高的类病毒侵染导致苹果果实几乎失去经济价值。苹果病毒的检测是防止其传播和危害,繁育无病毒苗木和苹果树无毒化管理的一项关键技术。由于对病毒在苹果树体中的组织分布和浓度认知不到位,苹果病毒检测中存在样品采集和检测方法的误区。本文根据课题组十年来开展苹果病毒检测和研究工作的数据,简要概述了我国苹果病毒的发生危害特点,苹果病毒检测方法,详细给出了规范的样品采集、处理、总RNA提取、RT-PCR参数、检测引物、对照设置及检测结果判别的技术方法。

Reduction of the losses and risk of outbreaks caused by apple latent and dangerous viruses on China apple production by strengthening standard fruit tree sample collection and virus detection

Virus diseases on apple trees occur worldwide and induce severe losses. To date, no pesticides are effective for virus diseases. Apple viruses cause latent infection and mainly transmit by grafting. Dangerous viroids infection may result in complete loss of economic value of apple fruit. Detection of apple viruses is effective to control their transmission and acts one of key measures for both virus-free seedling propagation and apple tree management. As there is a gap to know the tissue distribution and titer of viruses in apple trees, there are some misunderstandings for sample collection and detection methods. Here, based on our research and detection work on apple viruses for ten years, we briefly introduced the occurrence characteristics of apple viruses in China, detection methods, and the standard technical methods in detail that cover sample collection, processing, total RNA isolation, RT-PCR parameters, controls and results analysis. The detection primers were fully listed.