伊敏煤田排土场恢复植被类型配置探究

对伊敏露天煤矿排土场植被恢复情况的调查研究,目的是科学配置排土场植被,提出最佳的复垦植被类型,以迅速提高伊敏露天煤矿排土场植被覆盖率和利用率。结果表明,该地区自然恢复的草本植物主要有菊科、禾本科2种,主要优势种有北苔草、贝加尔针茅、沙打旺;已复垦排土场草本植物的平均盖度达到84.97%,植物以北苔草、贝加尔针茅、紫花苜蓿和羊草为主,北苔草和贝加尔针茅的重要值比较突出;未经过复垦的排土场,草本植物的平均盖度仅达到27.4%,植物以北苔草、贝加尔针茅、二裂委陵菜和羊草为主,其中,北苔草和贝加尔针茅的重要值分别为24.65%,16.58%。在排土场上种植沙棘并配置耐干旱的草本植物可较好地提高其植被覆盖率。

Configuration Research of Dump Vegetation Restoration Type in Yimin Coal Mine

In this paper,we analyzed the vegetation recovery situation of dump field in Yimin Opencut Coal Mine,to make scientific dump vegetation configuration,and the best type of vegetation restoration,in order to rapidly increase vegetation coverage and utilization of the Yinmin Opencut Coal Mine.The results showed that: the region’s natural recovery mainly were herbaceous and composite family plants.Grasses were mainly: the Carex obtusata Liljebl.,Stipa capillata Linn.,Astragalus adsurgens Pall.CV.and reclaimed dump herbaceous coverage reached 84.97%,with mainly species: Carex obtusata Liljebl.,Stipa capillata Linn.,Medicago sativa L.and Leymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel.,and important value of Carex obtusata Liljebl.and Stipa capillata Linn.were more outstanding.In unreclaimed dump,the average of plant coverage only reached 27.4%,with mainly plant species of Carex obtusata Liljebl.,Stipa capillata Linn.,Potentilla.bifurca.Linn and Leymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel..The important value of Carex obtusata Liljebl.and Stipa capillata Linn.was 24.65% and 16.58% respectively.In dump field sea buckthorn and drought-resistant herbs planting configuration might be favorable to improve their vegetation coverage.