Rare Carbon-Bridged Citrinin Dimers from the Starfish-Derived Symbiotic Fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2 |
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| Authors: | Hao Fan Zhi-Mian Shi Yan-Hu Lei Mei-Xia Si-Tu Feng-Guo Zhou Chan Feng Xia Wei Xue-Hua Shao Yang Chen Cui-Xian Zhang |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.F.); (Z.-M.S.); (Y.-H.L.); (M.-X.S.-T.); (F.-G.Z.); (C.F.); (X.W.);2.Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; |
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| Abstract: | Four novel, rare carbon-bridged citrinin dimers, namely dicitrinones G–J (1–4), and five known analogs (5–9) were isolated from the starfish-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GGF 16-1-2. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1–9 exhibited strong antifungal activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with LD50 values from 0.61 μg/mL to 16.14 μg/mL. Meanwhile, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines; as a result, compound 1 showed more significant cytotoxicities than the positive control against both cell lines. In addition, based on the analyses of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Western blot, 1 could induce apoptosis by activating caspase 3 proteins (CASP3). |
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| Keywords: | starfish-derived fungus Penicillium sp citrinin dimers antifungal activities cytotoxic activities protein-protein interaction network |
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