中国式现代化征程中再兴土地财政能实现共同富裕吗

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,而要实现共同富裕伟大目标必须缩小城乡居民收入差距。基于2004-2019年285个地级城市面板数据,运用SGMM模型,对地级城市在中国式现代化征程中继续推行土地财政模式能否实现城乡居民共同富裕的问题进行探索。结果显示:土地财政对城乡居民收入差距的影响呈现出“倒U型”路径,而对城市内部居民收入差距的影响为“正U型”,表明再推行土地财政模式可能继续拉大城市居民收入差距;土地财政拉大了农村居民收入差距,地级城市土地出让金额占城市预算收入的比重每提高1 %,农村居民收入差距可能增加1.3 %。机制检验结果显示,土地财政通过地级城市经济总量的快速扩张拉大居民收入差距。建议地级城市通过控制土地财政规模以防止城乡居民收入差距的再扩大,并逐步探索创新与改革土地财政模式,加快完善中国式经济发展中的利益分配与共享机制,有序实现城乡居民共同富裕。

Can Revitalization of Land Finance Realize Common Prosperity in the Course of Chinese Modernization

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism, and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents is the core step in achieving the great goal of common prosperity. Based on the panel data of 285 cities from 2004 to 2019, this study uses SGMM model to explore whether the continuation of the land finance model in prefecture-level cities can achieve common prosperity for urban and rural residents in the course of Chinese modernization. The results show that the impact of land finance presents an "inverted U-shaped" mode on the income gap between urban and rural residents, but a "U-shaped" mode on the income gap among urban residents, which indicates that further implementation of land finance model might widen the income gap among urban residents. The land finance has widened the income gap within rural areas; Every 1 % increase in the proportion of land transfer amount in the budget revenue of prefecture-level cities may increase the income gap of rural residents in these cities by 1.3 %. The mechanism test show that the land finance model widens the residents'' income gap through the rapid expansion of the economic aggregate of prefecture-level cities. we propose that the widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents can be prevented by controlling the scale of land finance. Through innovating the land finance model and improving the mechanism of profit distribution and sharing in our economic development, the common prosperity of urban and rural residents will be realized in an orderly way.