利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代饲料中鱼粉对苏氏圆腹鱼芒摄食、生长和饲料利用的影响

摘要：通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕作为苏氏圆腹鱼芒 （Pangasius sutchi）饲料中鱼粉替代蛋白源的潜力。配制了7种等氮、等能饲料，其中基础饲料含45%鱼粉，按等量蛋白替代的原则，在其余6种饲料中分别添加31%和46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%和75%，或添加20%和40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%，或添加19%和39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%。实验中所用的苏氏圆腹鱼芒初始体重为11.3 g。实验结果表明：添加豆粕将饲料中鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%，添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%，对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积（Hct）未产生显著不良影响。添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降，添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR和鱼体能量储积率下降，添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct明显下降。上述结果显示，可通过添加豆粕（31%）将苏氏圆腹鱼芒 鱼种饲料中鱼粉含量降低到23%，或通过添加菜粕（20%）和棉粕（19%）将饲料中鱼粉含量降低到34%。

Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal, rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal on feeding, growth and feed utilization of sutchi catfish (Pangasius sutchi)

Abstract:An eight-week net pen experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential to replace fish meal with three oil seed meals, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, in diets for 11.3 g sutchi catfish (Pangasius sutchi). Seven isonitrogenous and isocalific diets were established. The reference diet was formulated to contain 45% fish meal, whereas in the other six diets, soybean meal was added at 31% and 46% to replace 50% and 75% of the fish meal, or rapeseed meal added at 20% and 40% to replace 25% and 50% of the fish meal, or cotton seed meal added at 19% and 39% to replace 25% and 50% of the fish meal. Results of the experiment showed dietary fish meal level could be reduced from 45% to 23% by adding soybean meal at 31%, or from 45% to 34% by adding rapeseed meal at 20% or cottonseed meal at 19%, without significantly negative effects on survival, feed intake, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention efficiency, viscerosomatic index and haematocrit value (Hct). Feed intake, weight gain and SGR significantly decreased when dietary fish meal level was reduced to 11% by adding soybean meal at 46%. Reducing fish meal level to 23% by adding rapeseed meal at 40% resulted in the decrease of FCR and energy retention efficiency, while reducing fish meal level down to 23% by adding cottonseed meal at 39% resulted in the decrease of weight gain, SGR and Hct. Results of the experiment indicate fish meal level in sutchi catfish diets could be reduced to 23% by using soybean meal (added at 31%), and to 34% by using rapeseed meal (added at 20%) or cottonseed meal (added at 19%), as fish meal substitutes.