多孔炭材料吸附CO2研究进展

由CO₂等温室气体排放带来的全球变暖问题是目前最严峻的环境问题之一。因此,利用多孔炭材料作为其高效吸附材料的研究得到了广泛的关注。系统综述了近年来用于CO₂吸附的5种多孔炭材料,即煤/石油焦基活性炭、生物质多孔炭、炭气凝胶、金属有机骨架衍生物和碳纳米材料,以及多孔炭材料主要的4种制备方法(高温炭化与活化法、水热炭化法、溶胶-凝胶法和模板法),并重点讨论其结构与CO₂吸附性能的关系;随后对多孔炭材料的孔结构和表面化学性质吸附CO₂的机理进行总结。最后,提出多孔炭材料吸附CO₂发展过程中尚待解决的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Progress of Research on CO2 Adsorption by Porous Carbon Materials

Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions is a pressing environmental problem.Given that CO₂ is the most significant greenhouse gas,research into materials that can efficiently adsorb CO₂ has attracted considerable attention.Compared with other adsorption materials,porous materials offer a large specific surface area with high chemical and thermal stabilities and also feature good adsorption capacity,selectivity,cyclicity,and fast adsorption kinetics;therefore,they are widely used as solid adsorbents for CO₂ capture.This review systematically introduces five types of porous carbon materials coal/petroleum-coke-activated carbons,biomass porous carbons,carbon aerogels,metal-organic-framework-derived carbons,and carbon nanomaterials that have been developed in recent years.Furthermore,the four primary methods used to prepare these materials for CO₂ adsorption(i.e.,high temperature carbonization and activation,hydrothermal carbonization,sol-gel processing and the template method)are presented.Emphasis is placed on their structure-performance relationship with CO₂ adsorption.Simultaneously,the mechanism whereby CO₂ is adsorbed by porous carbons with a pore texture is reviewed,in addition to the surface chemistry.Lastly,current challenges pertaining to CO₂ adsorption are summarized,and future development trends are also prospected.