圆齿野鸦椿籽油提取工艺及脂肪酸组分分析

为高效利用圆齿野鸦椿籽油,采用正己烷加热回流提取圆齿野鸦椿籽油,分别考察了提取时间、提取温度和正己烷-圆齿野鸦椿籽粉末比(液料比)对圆齿野鸦椿籽油提取得率的影响。以单因素试验的结果为依据,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行Box-Behnken响应面设计及数据分析,进一步对回流提取圆齿野鸦椿籽油的工艺进行优化。研究结果表明:各因素影响提取得率的主次顺序为提取时间、提取温度、液料比;最佳提取工艺是加热回流提取时间62.04 min,提取温度80.2℃,液料比10.14∶1(mL∶g),该条件下提取得率的预测值为5.84%,通过验证实验发现,提取得率实验值为(5.85±0.001)%,与预测值接近,两者的相对误差为0.17%,说明响应面优化的圆齿野鸦椿籽油提取工艺稳定、可行。同时,对圆齿野鸦椿籽不同部位提取得到的油脂进行分析,种仁出油率为(35.6±0.7)%,种皮出油率为(2.1±0.15)%,对籽油成分进行分析,检测出18种脂肪酸成分,其中不饱和脂肪酸达到65.52%,亚油酸的量最高,达45.64%。

Extraction Process and Components Analysis of Oil from the Seeds of Euscaphis konishii Hayata

To high-efficiency use the seeds of Euscaphis konishii Hayata,n-hexane and heating reflux extraction was used to extract oil from the seeds of E.konishii,and the effects of extraction time,extraction temperature and liquid/solid ratio of n-hexane and E.konishii seed on extraction rate were investigated.Based on the results of single-factor test,Box-behnken response surface design and data analysis were carried out by using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software to further optimize the reflux extraction process of E.konishii seed oil.The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the extraction rate were extraction time,extraction temperature and liquid/solid ratio.The optimal extraction process was heating reflux extraction time 62.04 min,extraction temperature 80.2℃and liquid/solid ratio 10.14∶1(mL∶g).The predicted extraction rate under these conditions was 5.84%and the total extraction rate obtained from verifying test was(5.85±0.001)%,which was close to the predicted value and the relative error was 0.17%,indicating that the response surfaced optimized extraction process of E.konishii seed oil was stable and workable.Meanwhile,by analyzing the oil extracted from seed of E.konishii,the yield of kernel oil was(35.6±0.7)%and the yield of seed coat oil was(2.1±0.15)%,18 fatty acid components were defected,among which the unsaturated fatty acids were 65.52%,and linoleic acid content was up to 45.64%.