播期提前对四川盆地小麦产量和品质的影响

目的]研究播期提前对四川盆地小麦产量和品质的影响,证明选育适应四川盆地稻麦两制的早播早熟型高产优质小麦新品种的可行性和确定弱春性小麦新品系J210达到高产优质的最佳播期。方法]在2006~2007年度,研究了播期不同程度提前(10月18、20、22、24、26、28、30日,11月1、3、5日)对小麦新品系J210产量及其构成和籽粒品质特性的影响。结果]10月18~30日内播种,J210的单位面积穗数和穗粒数变化不明显,而粒重和产量随播期提前而增加;播期晚于10月30日后,J210穗数和穗粒数减少明显,粒重反而有所增高,但产量减少明显;10月18日播种的小麦产量比11月5日提高29.92%。各播期下J210的品质性状较稳定,但早播条件下的J210各品质性状略优于迟播。结论]在四川盆地气候生态条件栽培制度下,如能通过更加深入的育种和栽培研究,将小麦的播期提前10月20日左右,就能同时达到提高产量潜力和优质的目的;而在J210的推广应用中,建议将其播种期提前到10月25日左右,这样既能获得较高的产量和较佳的品质,又能有效地避开抽穗开花期的"倒春寒"天气,以达到稳产的目的。

Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield and Quality Characters of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Sichuan Basin

Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of sowing dates on yield and quality characters of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in Sichuan Basin,prove the feasibility of breeding the new wheat varieties which could be sowed and harvested earlier and adapted the rotation of winter wheat and rice(Oryza sativa) in the Sichuan Basin,determine the best sowing period of a weak spring new line J210.Method] The trial was carried out to investigate the effects of sowing dates on grain yield and grain quality characters of a new line J210 in Sichuan Basin in 2006-2007.Ten sowing dates were involved in the trial from 18th October to 5th November every two days.Result] The results showed that the yield of wheat was linearly and negatively related with the sowing dates,and the yield of wheat sowed on 18th October was 29.92% more than that of wheat sowed on 5th November.The grain quality characters was steady under the sowing dates.Conclusion] It is feasible to breed new varieties which can adapt more perfectly to the climatic and ecological conditions and the cropping system in Sichuan Basin can obtain higher yield than normal types of wheat.