Precipitation chemistry at a high elevation forest in central Taiwan |
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Authors: | Shih-Bin Ding Teng-Chiu Lin Shih-Chien Chan Jeen-Liang Huang Neng-Hui Lin |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;(2) Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Ting-Chow Road, Section 4, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan;(3) Department of Geography, National Changhua University of Education, No. 1, Jin-De Road, Changhua City, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan;(4) Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nan-Hai Road, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan;(5) Department of Atmospheric Science, National Central University, No. 300, Jhong-Da Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; |
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Abstract: | High elevation ecosystems are particularly sensitive to environmental change. Mountain agriculture is extending to areas at
high elevations in Taiwan but the effects on nutrient cycling of the surrounding ecosystems are largely unknown. We examined
precipitation chemistry at Piluchi Experimental Forest in central Taiwan to evaluate the contributions of local air pollution
and long-range transport of air pollutants on nutrient cycling at this seemingly remote forest. Sea-salt aerosols and anthropogenic
pollutants resulting from long-range transport of air pollutants and mountain agriculture activities are the key factors affecting
precipitation chemistry at Piluchi Experimental Forest. Precipitation chemistry was dominated by ions of oceanic origin in
the summer and by anthropogenic pollutants SO4
2−, NO3
− and NH4
+ in the winter and spring, the northeast monsoon season. The much higher concentrations of S and N in the northeast monsoon
season than the summer suggest a substantial contribution from long-range transport as the prevailing air masses moved from
inland China and passed over the industrialized east coast of China before arriving in Taiwan. The very high concentration
of NH4
+ (22 μeq L−1) in the spring, when the local application of N-containing fertilizers was high, signifies the influences of mountain agriculture.
Despite very low concentrations relative to other sites in Taiwan, annual input of NH4
+ (3.6 kg ha−1 year−1), NO3
− (7.2 kg ha−1 year−1) and SO4
2− (10 kg ha−1 year−1) via precipitation was substantial suggesting that high elevation ecosystems of Taiwan are not free from the threat of atmospheric
deposition of pollutants. |
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Keywords: | |
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