滴灌灌水器低成本快速开发理论与方法研究

灌水器尺寸微小，形状复杂，导致其开发周期过长(8～12个月)，费用过高(5～8万元人民币)。该文引入计算机辅助设计(Computer Aided Design, CAD)、计算流体动力学(Computer Fluid Dynamics, CFD)以及快速成形(Rapid Prototyping, RP)等先进技术，提出了一种新型滴灌灌水器的低成本快速开发途径。利用三维参数化CAD技术设计流道的结构模型；基于CFD模型的数值模拟实现了灌水器水力特性的可视化分析功能，大大减少了实物试验的迭代次数；同时，应用RP技术可以在不开钢模的情况下低成本快速地制取试验用灌水器，并直接利用RP原型完成灌水器性能试验，从而进一步降低其开发周期和成本。以自主开发的新型灌水器为例，其开发周期与成本均降低50％以上。

Method and theory for rapid development of drip emitters for drip irrigation with low cost

In order to decrease the period and cost of emitter development, some advanced technologies, such as computer aided design (CAD), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and rapid prototyping (RP), were used to establish a process of drip emitters with low cost. The three-dimensional parameterized channel model for drip emitters was designed using the method of CAD. The function used for visually analyzing the hydraulic performance of emitters, was realized by numerical simulation based on CFD, which greatly reduced the times of the iterative experimentation using practical emitter products. Additionally, using the technology of rapid prototyping, the emitter prototypes for experimentation can be rapidly manufactured without steel moulds, and the experimentation can be directly performed with these prototypes. Then, the period and the cost of the emitter development could be reduced. Taking the emitter developed by the authors for an example, the results indicated that the development period and cost were decreased more than fifty percent.