施肥和土壤养分对毛竹笋营养成分的影响

本试验研究了N、P、K肥料和土壤N、P、K养分对毛竹笋营养成份的影响,并由此考察了其营养成份,结果表明,毛竹笋的氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量高于一般蔬菜。游离Glu,Gln及Asp是毛竹笋的鲜味成分,其中冬笋主要是Gln和Asp,春笋则是Glu和Asp。施肥提高笋体的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量。糖分含量随氮肥增加而减少,随磷肥增加而增加,钾肥对糖分影响不明显,冬笋水解氨基酸含量与土壤水解氮成显著正相关,而与土壤速效磷及速效钾相关不显著。N、P肥料的施用及高含量的土壤N、P养分有利于笋体游离Tyr的降低。

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION AND SOIL FERTILITY ON THE NUTRITIVE COMPOSITION OF BAMBOO (PHYLLOSTACHYS PUBESCENSE) SHOOT

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertilizers and soil fertility on the nutritive composition of bamboo shoot.The results obtained showed that the bamboo shoat had much higher contents of total.and essential,amino acids than ather common vagetables.The free amino acids contents were higher in winter bamboo shoot than those in spring bamboo.The free glutamine and aspartate were the major delicious amino cids of the former,gl-atamate and aspartate were the major delecious amino acids of the latter.The hydrolytic and free amino acids contents of bamboo shoot were enhanced by N,P or K fertilization.But the sugar content was decreased with application of N fertilizer and increased with phosphorus addition.The results also indicated that the hydrolytic amino acids in winter bamboo shoot had a significantly positive correlation with soil available N,but no significant relation with K and P were observed.In addition,the free tryrosine content,which always resuits in turbidness of the canned bamboo shoot,was lowerd with increasing soil N or P conlient and fertilizer rates of N or P.