山东大豆品种主要农艺性状的演进

对50多年来山东省不同时期42个主要推广大豆品种的主要农艺性状的遗传演进进行了研究,结果发现,品种的结荚习性由无限结荚习性为主到以有限、亚有限结荚习性为主;生育日数均缩短5.6d;株高降低23.2%,其中上世纪50年代至60年代降低27.1%,60年代至80年代降低0.4%,80年代至90年代以后增加5.8%;主茎节数减少3.1个;节间长度缩短0.4cm～0.9cm;分枝数减少1.5个;单株荚数减少33.7%;单株粒数减少31.7%;百粒重增加37.9%;单株生产力平均增加13.9%;产量提高48.7%.在本试验条件下,研究认为,今后大豆育种要从提高单株生产力着手,适当增加株高,缩短节间长度,增加主茎节数,进而增加主茎荚数,以达到提高产量的目的.

DEVELOPMENT OF MAIN AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

The evolution of main agronomic characters of 42 cultivated soybean varieties of Shandong province for the past 50 years were studied. The results showed that most of the varieties were indeterminate in 1950s, and were determinate and semi--determinate from 1960s to 1990s; the days from emergence to maturity decreased 5.6 days; plant height decreased by 23.2% nodes number in main stem decreased 3.1; inter node length shorted 0.4 cm to 0.9 cm; the effective branching number per plant decreased 1.5; pods number per plant decreased by 33.7% seeds number per plant decrease by 31.7% 100--seed weight increased by 37.9% seeds weight of per plant increased by 13.9% yield per area increased by 48.7%. It is suggested that in order to increased the yield, the productivity per plant should be improved, the plant height increase appropriately, the inter node length shorted, the number of nodes in main stem increased, and finally the number of pods in main stem increased.