不同施肥模式下的稻-克氏原螯虾田块水体菌群初探

为研究不同施肥模式对稻田养殖克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)田块水体细菌的影响,通过采用Illumina高通量测序技术针对施用化肥(CF)、有机肥(OF)和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪(OM)等3种施肥模式的水体细菌进行检测。高通量测序结果显示在3种不同施肥模式下的稻田中主要细菌门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。主要优势菌属为Sporichthyaceae hgcl_clade、Limnohabitans、Polynucleobacter、Alpinimonas、Comamonadacea和Hydrogenophaga。在3种模式中,施用有机肥的田块细菌丰度显著高于施用化肥和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪的田块,细菌物种多样性显著高于施用有机肥加腐熟鸡粪田块,与施用化肥田块差异不显著。结果表明在施用有机肥模式下,水体微生物具有更好的多样性,生态系统更加稳定。有机肥与腐熟鸡粪配施虽然会降低水体细菌的物种多样性,但是腐熟鸡粪与有机肥配施会大大降低蓝藻细菌的丰度。聚类分析结果显示有机肥组与有机肥加腐熟鸡粪组水体细菌群落相似度更高。对稻田水体细菌与水体理化因子关联分析发现,对水体细菌影响最主要的环境因子是溶氧、总氮、pH和总磷。研究结果为不同施肥处理对稻田水体生态环境的影响以及为稻田综合种养施肥模式优化提供理论依据。

A preliminary study on the water bacteria of rice-crayfish co-culture paddy field in different fertilization modes

To study the effects of different fertilization modes on the water bacteria in rice-crayfish co-culture paddy field. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the bacteria in the water body applying three fertilization modes: chemical fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (OF) and organic fertilizer add decomposed chicken manure (OM). The results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were the main phylum in all treatments. The main dominant genus were Sporichthyaceae-hgcI_clade, Limnohabitans, Polynucleobacter, Alpinimonas, Comamonadacea, Hydrogenophaga. In the three models, the bacterial abundance of the OF group was significantly higher than the CF group and OM group, and the diversity of bacterial species of OF group was significantly higher than the OM group, and there was no significant difference between OF and CF groups. It is indicated that under the mode of organic fertilizer application, water microorganism had better diversity and its ecosystem was more stable. Although the OM treatment reduce the species diversity of bacteria in water, it also can greatly reduce the abundance of cyanobacteria. Although the species diversity of bacteria in water was reduced under OM treatment, it also greatly reduce the abundance of cyanobacteria compared to other treatments. The results of cluster analysis showed that the similarity of bacterial community in water was higher between the OF group and OM group. According to the RDA analysis, the dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, pH and total phosphorus were the most important environmental factors affecting water bacteria. The aim is to understand the effects of different fertilization treatments on the ecological environment of paddy fields and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of paddy field comprehensive fertility model.