浅谈“十四五”土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科发展战略

土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科是土壤学科中应用性较强的学科,悠久的发展历史积累了极为丰富的文献资料,在评价和利用土壤资源,提高作物产量和养分利用率,减少环境污染中发挥着重要作用。"十四五"期间土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科应加强土壤养分转化过程、速率、产物及其影响因素的基础性研究。鉴于我国大宗作物种植强度下降,集约化设施种植面积增加的两极化发展现状和减肥减药维持生态环境安全的国家需求,"十四五"期间,土壤肥力与土壤养分循环分支学科应加强以下针对性研究:1)休耕轮作对土壤肥力的影响及通过休耕轮作维持和提高土壤肥力的原理、途径和方法;2)高度集约化种植条件下快速恢复土壤肥力,保持土壤健康和有效利用土壤养分的科学管理原理、途径和方法;3)实现土壤-作物-环境相互契合,充分发挥土壤肥力,高效利用土壤养分的基础科学问题。

Discussion on the Strategies for Development of the Subdiscipline of Soil Fertility and Soil Nutrient Cycling for the 14th Five-Year Plan

Soil fertility and soil nutrient cycling is more like an applied discipline in the soil science, with a long history and a huge volume of literature accumulation. It plays an important role in assessing and exploiting the soil resources, enhancing crop production and nutrient use efficiency, and reducing environmental loads of non-point source of pollutants from croplands. During the 14th five-year-plan period, it is essential to strengthen researches on processes, rates, products, and influencing factors of the nutrient transformation in the soil, the basis of soil fertility and soil nutrient cycling. In view of the fact that the agriculture is developing towards a two-pole structure, that is, the cropping of staple crops, such as rice, wheat, and maize, declining in intensity, and the facilitated farming, such as plastic film-sheds and greenhouses, rapidly expanding in area in China, and in response to the calls of the nation for reduction of the environmental loads of non-point source pollutants and maintenance of safety of the eco-environment, it is crucial to intensify researches on the following topics in the sub-discipline of soil fertility and soil nutrient cycling, during the 14th five-year-plan period. i.e. 1) impacts of turning intensive cropping into fallow and crop rotation on soil fertility, and principles, pathways and methods of the practice maintaining and improving soil fertility; 2) principles, pathways and methods of scientific management of rapidly restoration of soil fertility, maintenance of soil health, and effectively utilization of soil nutrients under a highly intensive cropping system; and 3) basic scientific issues, like how to harmonize the relationships between soil, crops and environment, how to bring soil fertility into full play and how to efficiently utilize soil nutrients.