有机无机配施对番茄产量和品质影响的Meta分析

【目的】随着有机肥部分替代化肥行动的推进与实施，我国科研工作者在全国各地进行了大量的相关试验研究。本研究旨在整合已有的研究结果，定量分析有机无机配施方式对番茄产量和品质的综合效应，以期为我国可持续农业与循环农业的发展和政策制定提供参考。【方法】本研究数据来源于知网、Web of Science、Science Direct和维普文献数据库，以“番茄”和“产量”为主要关键词检索文献，共筛选出符合Meta分析标准的文献32篇。提取文献中有机无机配施和单施化肥处理数据，番茄产量、Vc、可溶性糖和硝酸盐含量的有效数据分别为98、39、33和21组。以单施用化肥为对照，选择反应比作为效应值，采用Meta分析方法，主要整合分析有机无机配施方法对番茄产量和品质的影响，并分类分析影响产量效应的因素，包括时间和区域的变化、土壤有机质和pH值及田间管理实践。【结果】通过Meta分析处理的番茄产量和品质效应数据的失安全系数均大于5n+10，其结果可靠度高。除了番茄可溶性糖效应数据，其他用于Meta分析的数据漏斗图均对称(P>0.05)，不存在发表性偏倚。与单施化肥相比，有机无机配施显著增加了番茄产量，增产率为7.1% (5.13%～9.07%)；显著增加了番茄Vc和可溶性糖含量，增长率分别为21.2% (10.3%～33.3%)和14.3% (3.7%～15.6%)；显著降低了番茄中硝酸盐含量19.4% (27.9%～9.7%)。番茄产量效应的分类分析结果显示，时间和区域因素对番茄产量效应影响显著，且随着有机无机配施时间的推移，有机无机配施番茄增产率呈增加趋势，东北农田区番茄增产效应不显著。土壤有机质与番茄增产率呈显著正相关关系(R2=0.9288)，土壤pH值与番茄增产率呈负相关关系(R2=0.7230)。田间管理实践对番茄产量效应分析结果表明，设施栽培番茄增产率高于露地；现代商品有机肥增产率高于传统有机肥；各水平种植密度和无机肥施用量下，番茄增产效应均显著。无机氮肥(折合纯N)施用量控制在200 kg/hm2以内即可以得到较高的增产率(10.7%)。【结论】与单施化肥相比，有机无机配施能显著提高番茄产量，改善番茄品质，且有机无机配施施用的年限越长，效果越明显，设施栽培的效果好于露天。有机无机配施可以增加土壤有机质含量，延缓土壤pH的下降，这是体现有机无机配施效果的重要原因。有机肥商业化处理是提高有机肥效果的重要措施。

Meta-analysis of combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on effect of yield and qualities of tomato

【Objectives】With the advancement and implementation of the action of organic fertilizers partial substitution of fertilizers, scientists have carried out a large number of relevant experiments in China. This study integrated the scattered results, quantitatively analyzed the comprehensive effect of combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of tomato, to provide references for the further development of the action in China.【Methods】The data were obtained from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, Science Direct and VIP literature database. Using keywords of " tomato” and " yield”, 32 papers that met the meta-analysis standard were selected. The data of combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and single fertilizer treatment in the literature were extracted. The effective data of tomato yield, Vc, soluble sugar and nitrate content were 98, 39, 33 and 21 groups, respectively. Using single fertilizer treatment as control, the reaction ratio was selected as the effect value, and the Meta-analysis method was used to analyze the effects of combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (COI) on tomato yield and qualities, and to analyze the factors affecting yield effect, including years and farmlands, soil organic and pH and field management practices.【Results】The fail-safe factors of tomato yield and quality effect data processed by meta-analysis was greater than 5n+10 (n is the number of the sample), therefore, the result was highly reliable. Except for tomato soluble sugar concentration database, the funnel plots of other databases that used for meta-analysis were symmetric (P>0.05) and there was no publication bias. Compared with single chemical fertilizer controls, COI significantly increased tomato yield by 7.1% (5.13%?9.07%); significantly increased Vc and soluble sugar content by 21.2% (10.3%?33.3%) and 14.3% (3.7%?15.6%), respectively; significantly reduced the nitrate content by 19.4% (27.9%?9.7%). The results of classification analysis of yield showed that the year and farmland region had significant effects on tomato yield response, and the longer the COI conducted, the higher the yield increase rate in the tested areas, except in Northeast farmland, where the yield increase was not significant. Tomato yield increase was significantly and positive correlated with soil organic matter content (R2=0.9288), but significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value (R2=0.7230). In regarding to field management practices, the yield increasing rate of tomato inside greenhouse was higher than open-field; modern commercial organic fertilizers produced higher yield than traditional organic fertilizer did. The tomato yield increase effect was significant at all levels of planting density and inorganic fertilizer application rate, and the higher yield (10.7%) was obtained by controlling the application rate of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer within N 200 kg/hm2.【Conclusions】Compared with single-fertilizer, combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly improve tomato yield and improve tomato qualities, and the longer the application period of organic and inorganic application, the more obvious the effect, and the effect of greenhouse cultivation is better than in open field. Organic and inorganic application can increase the soil organic matter content and delay the decline of soil pH, which is an important reason for the combinative application of organic and inorganic fertilizers effect. Commercialized procession of organic materials is an effective way to improve the effect of organic fertilizer.