基因组学辅助作物改良研究进展

基因组学研究产生了功能分子标记和生物信息学等新型工具,并形成了能够提高作物改良效率和精确度的有关统计和遗传现象的新知识。基因组学研究对杂种优势和表观遗传学的解析及其操纵有巨大的潜力,最终可以了解一个群体中所有位点等位基因分离的相关知识,从而使育种家可以在微机上对基因型进行设计,并实施全基因组选择。当前高成本的实验限制了基因组学辅助的作物改良,自交作物和小作物尤其突出。然而,作物改良中的标记辅助选择育种将逐步进展到基因组学辅助育种。

Progress in Genomics Assisted Crop Breeding

Genomics research is generating new tools,such as functional molecular markers and bioinformatics,as well as new knowledge about statistics and inheritance phenomena which could increase the efficiency and precision of crop improvement.In particular,it has great potential for the elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms of heterosis and epigenetics and their manipulation.Eventually,knowledge of the relative values of alleles at all loci segregating in a population could allow the breeder to design a genotype in silico and to practice whole genome selection.High costs currently limit the implementation of genomics-assisted crop improvement,particularly for inbreeding and/or minor crops.Nevertheless,marker-assisted breeding and selection will gradually evolve into genomics-assisted breeding for crop improvement.