翻堆与覆盖工艺对猪粪秸秆堆肥性质的影响

为了解翻堆与覆盖工艺对堆肥过程及堆肥理化性质的影响,开展了70天的猪粪、秸秆冬季室外半敞开式自然通风堆肥试验.试验共设计6个处理,分别为翻堆频率1周1次、2周1次、不翻堆.每个翻堆处理均设覆盖和不覆盖2种方式.经过对多个指标测定和方差分析,结果表明:翻堆工艺在加快堆体物料减量化(P=0.0001),加快堆体升温(P=0.0000)和有机质(TOM)降解(P=0.0080)方面影响极显著,并显著提高发芽率(GI) (P=0.0330),但同时导致氨气(NH3)的大量挥发,造成更多氮素(TN)损失(P=0.0190).不同翻堆频率的处理在物料减量化、pH值、电导率(EC)、有机质降解率和发芽率指数方面差异不显著,而翻堆1周1次极显著缩短高温期(P=0.0000),显著加速氨气排放(P=0.0190).覆盖可延长高温期(P=0.0001),当翻堆频率为2周1次和不翻堆时覆盖显著减少氨气挥发和氮素损失(P=0.0130),但同时减慢堆肥腐熟进程.综合考虑环境、经济因素后认为:不覆盖,翻堆频率为2周1次的条件下冬季室外自然通风堆肥效果最好.研究结果可为中小犁企业冬季堆肥化生产提供参考.

Effect of turning and covering techniques on pig manure-straw composting property

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of turning frequency and covering on manure-straw compost properties in natural rotting box frame system. Six treatments were conducted, which had different tuning frequency that are one time per week ,one time every two week and non-turning respectively, and each treatment have cover or non-cover. By taking various kinds of indexes test and statistical analysis, the results indicated that the turning could remarkably promote material volume decreasing (P=0.0001), temperature rising (P=0.0000) and degradation of TOM (P=0.0080), and improve GI remarkably (P=0.0330), but turning also increase the NH3 emissions and then causing the TN(total nitrogen) losses notably (P=0.0190). There was no significant difference between turning of one time per week and one time every two week in material decrement, pH value, EC(electric conductivity), the degradation of TOM(total organic matter) and GI(germination index), but the one time per week could shorten high temperature phase significantly (P=0.0000) and increase NH3 emissions (P=0.0190). The covering could prolong high temperature phase remarkably (P=0.0001), decrease the NH3 emissions and nitrogen losses remarkably (P=0.0130) as one time every two week or non-turning, but it could also slow down the decomposition course. Based on the economic and environmental factors, the conclusion is as follows: non-covering with turning one time every two week is the optimum scheme for pig manure-straw composting. This conclusion could provide references for small and medium-sized enterprises to composting with agricultural wastes.