水稻基因遗传转化方法研究进展

介绍水稻遗传转化方法的发展历程和科研成果，为水稻遗传转化体系的研究和应用提供借鉴。从生物介导转化法和非生物介导转化法2类方法出发，介绍各种转化方法在水稻上的首次报道和重要进展并进行了展望。生物介导转化法中，农杆菌Agrobacterium介导转化法通过侵染种胚、稻穗、愈伤组织和茎尖进行转化，种胚及其诱导的愈伤组织作为材料的转化体系较为成熟，稻穗和茎尖转化法则操作简便、转化再生周期短；此外，有研究尝试用根瘤菌Sinorhizobium和Rhizobium以及附着剑菌Ensifer adhaerens转化水稻。非生物介导转化法中，物理方法转化法(基因枪法、电击法、花粉管通道法和显微注射法)是较为传统的转化方法，基因枪法应用较为成熟，花粉管通道法则取得较多育种成果；介质介导转化法中，纳米材料的应用正逐步成为研究热点。水稻遗传转化体系的发展可从转化材料的筛选和优化介导转化的载体入手，同时将转化体系和DNA-free、单倍体诱导等技术结合起来，以提高转化效率和安全性，缩短转化再生周期。

Research progress on genetic transformation methods of rice

To introduce the development process and achievements of rice genetic transformation methods, and provide references for the research and application of rice genetic transformation system. Based on the two methods of bio-mediated transformation and abiotic-mediated transformation, the first report and important progress of various transformation methods were introduced, with the prospect at last. Among the bio-mediated transformation methods, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is applied by infecting rice embryo, panicle, callus tissue and stem tip. The transformation system of seed embryo and its induced callus as materials is mature, and the transformation method using panicle and stem tip is simple and convenient, with short transformation and regeneration cycle. In addition, preliminary studies have tried to transform rice with Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Ensifer adhaerens. Among the abiotic-mediated transformation methods, physical method transformation methods (particle bombardment, electroporation, pollen-tube pathway and microinjection) are more traditional transformation methods. The particle bombardment method is relatively mature, and the pollen-tube pathway method has made great progress in breeding. Among the medium-mediated transformation methods, the application of nanomaterials is gradually becoming a research hotspot. The development of rice genetic transformation can be initiated by selecting transformation materials and optimizing transformation vectors. Concurrently, integrating the transformation system with techniques like DNA-free and haploid induction can enhance both transformation efficiency and safety, while also reducing the duration of the transformation and regeneration process.