影响水稻再生力QTLs位点与再生稻筛选体系研究进展

挖掘水稻产量潜力是水稻研究最重要的方向之一。再生稻是一种利用水稻头季收割后稻桩上存活的腋芽,在适宜的光照、温度、养分等条件下萌发成蘖,进而抽穗成熟的水稻,在节约大量人力物力的同时能够保证水稻产量与双季稻基本持平,对于稳定国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文综述了已报道的水稻再生力相关QTLs位点,发现水稻再生力相关的QTLs位点贡献率偏低,相关研究不深入,与生产联系不紧密;总结了水稻再生力评价标准的现状,发现前期头季稻的SPAD衰减指数、中期再生稻的再生芽出鞘率以及收获后期的日产量和热量利用率是评价水稻品种再生力的重要指标,可用于筛选强再生力的水稻品种;概括了留桩高度对再生稻产量和品质的影响。提出再生稻的培育应聚焦优质、高产、抗病等水稻重要性状及强再生力相关性状,利用多组学分析挖掘新基因及其优异自然变异,开发功能分子标记,利用全基因组关联分析与分子模块育种技术相结合开展强再生力水稻种质资源精准鉴定、新基因发掘、种质创新、新品种选育研究。

Research progress on QTLs loci affecting rice retooning ability and screening system for ratoon rice

Mining rice yield potential is one of the most important directions of rice research. Ratoon rice is a kind of rice that utilizes the axillary buds that survive on the rice pile after the first season of harvesting, the buds germinate into tillers under suitable light, temperature, nutrients and other conditions, and then proceed to heading and maturity. Growing ratoon rice saves a lot of manpower and material resources while ensuring that the rice yield is basically the same as that of double-cropping rice, and it is of great significance for stabilizing national food security. In this paper, the reported QTLs related to rice retooning ability were reviewed, and we found that the contribution rates of the reported QTLs related to rice retooning ability were low, and the related research was not in depth and not closely related to production. The present situation of evaluation criteria for rice retooning ability was summarized. We found that the SPAD attenuation index of the first season rice in the early stage, the sprouting rate of ratoon rice in the middle stage, and the daily yield and heat utilization rate in the late harvest stage were important indicators for evaluating the retooning abilities of rice varieties, which could be used to screen rice varieties with strong retooning abilities. The effects of stump height on yield and quality of ratoon rice were summarized. Finally, we proposed to focus on important rice traits such as high quality, high yield, disease resistance, and other traits related to strong retooning ability, to mine new genes and their excellent natural variation by multi-omics analysis, to develop functional molecular markers, and to combine genome-wide association study with molecular module breeding technology to carry out research on accurate identification of rice germplasm resources with strong retooning abilities, new gene exploration, germplasm innovation and new variety breeding.