国家级休闲农业园区的分布、类型与优化布局

休闲农业是推进农业现代化和转型升级的重要抓手,成为乡村地理与旅游地理研究的重要课题。国家级休闲农业园区是休闲农业的龙头,在促进一二三产业融合互动、带动农业、农村发展和农民致富等方面具有明显示范效应。利用我国960家国家级休闲农业园区数据,采用GIS空间分析、归纳等方法,分析了全国尺度以及东部、中部、西部和东北地区四大区域尺度国家级休闲农业园区空间分布及其类型结构。结果表明:1)在分布模式上,国家级休闲农业园区主要依托城市呈集聚型分布;2)在分布格局上,每个区域内国家级休闲农业园区分布都存在明显的集聚区,在全国尺度上,这些集聚区在区域间具有连绵成片、形成大集聚带(区)的趋势;3)各区域间国家级休闲农业园区的开发主体结构、主导功能类型的构成比例没有明显差异,但资源依托和区位选择的类型构成比例存在区域差异。根据研究结论,提出在东部地区依托城市人口打造休闲农业集聚带、提高中部地区休闲农业发展集聚度、加强西部和东北地区部分省区休闲农业开发力度、围绕风景名胜打造休闲农业集聚区等空间布局优化建议。同时,还提出了四大区域内国家级休闲农业园区类型结构的优化建议和发展方向。

National agritourism parks in China: Distribution, types and spatial optimization

Developing agritourism is a good opportunity to promote agricultural modernization and upgrading. The research on agritourism from a geographical perspective also becomes an important topic for rural and tourism geography. The national agritourism parks (NAPs) playa leading role in agriculture, country development, and industry convergence. Based on the online data of 960 Chinese NAPs, and applying the GIS spatial analysis method, this paper analyzed the characteristics and spatial distribution of NAPs from both national and regional scales. This paper also applied the inductive method and statistical methods (i.e. chi-square test and cross-table analysis) to examine the type constitution from both national and regional scales. Results show that: 1) NAPs are depending on neighbor cities and agglomeratively distributed; 2) within each region, the NAPs tend to form obvious agglomerative areas and these agglomerations tend to develop into a large agritourism belt (area) among different regions; and 3) there are no significant differences about the dominant functions and developing entities of NAPs among different regions, but there are some statistical differences among different regions in terms of locations and resource-dependent types. In order to optimize the distribution of NAPs, the paper suggests that the eastern region should develop agritourism clusters depending on urban population, the central region should improve agglomeration degree of NAPs, some provinces within northeast and west region should strengthen the agritourism development, and agritourism cluster areas surrounding scenic spots should be encouraged. Besides, this paper also provides some strategies on optimizing the type constitution and the development directions of NAPs in each region.