近51 a青藏高原雪灾时空分布特征

选取青藏高原地区62个气象站点1961-2011年(普兰、改则为1973-2011年)逐日、逐月气温和降水量等气象资料,利用统计方法和空间Kriging插值方法研究青藏高原地区雪灾时间发生趋势和空间分布特征。结果表明,青藏高原近51 a雪灾频次呈增长趋势,雪灾发生站次不断增多,尤其是90年代以来增加趋势更为显著;初春为雪灾多发季节,前冬其次,后冬最少;雪灾发生频次空间分布很不均匀,雪灾发生较多区域,轻、中、重度雪灾都频繁发生,这些地区主要位于高原中部和高原东南部边缘。

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Snow Disaster on Tibetan Plateau in Recent 51 Years

Based on the meteorological data of temperature and precipitation at 62 stations on the Tibetan Plateau from 1961 to 2008(date for the Pulan and Gaize Stations is from 1973 to 2011), the trend of snow disaster and its spatial characteristics were analyzed by using statistics and Kriging spatial analysis method. Results show that in the recent 51 years, the average of annual snow disasters increased and the number of station at which snow disaster occurred grew, especially after 1990. Snow disaster emerged mostly in early spring, secondly in former winter, and least in latter winter. The spatial distribution of snow disaster was uneven. Snow disaster occurred more frequently in the central plateau and southeastern plateau edge, in which higher frequencies of mild, moderate and heavy snow disasters were observed.